Ngemva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseLa Palma, kwaphakama imibuzo emikhulu kubantu abaningi. Konke lokho kuhlobene nezici zezintaba-mlilo nodaka. Omunye wemibuzo eyayivela njalo kwaba kwenzekani uma udaka lufika olwandle.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi kwenzekani uma udaka lufika olwandle, yiziphi izici zalo nokuthi yini engenzeka.
izici ze-lava
Ngaphakathi eMhlabeni, ukushisa kunamandla kangangokuthi amadwala namagesi akha isiphuku kuyancibilika. Iplanethi yethu inomgogodla owenziwe ngodaka. Lo mgogodla umbozwe uqweqwe kanye nezingqimba zamatshe aqinile. Impahla encibilikisiwe eyakhayo i-magma, futhi uma idudulwa ibheke ebusweni bomhlaba siyibiza ngokuthi i-lava. Nakuba lezi zingqimba ezimbili zihlukile, i-crust nedwala, iqiniso liwukuthi zombili zishintsha njalo: idwala eliqinile liba uketshezi futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Uma i-magma ingena kuqweqwe futhi ifike emhlabeni, iphenduka ibe yi-lava.
Kodwa-ke, sibiza i-lava ngokuthi yi-magmatic material ephuma oqweqweni lomhlaba futhi ngaleyo ndlela isakazekele phezulu. Ilava liyashisa kakhulu, liphakathi kuka-700°C no-1200°C, Ngokungafani ne-magma, engaphola ngokushesha, udaka luminyene futhi ngenxa yalokho kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza kube yingozi kakhulu ukusondela endaweni okuqhume kuyo intaba-mlilo, ngisho noma kuyizinsuku ezimbalwa kamuva.
Kwenzekani uma udaka lufika olwandle
Ukugeleza kwentaba-mlilo yaseLa Palma kugeleza olwandle, kwabangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuwa eweni elingamamitha ayi-100, impahla yentaba-mlilo emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-900 no-1.000 ºC ihlangana namanzi ku-20 ºC. Ukusabela okwenzekayo ukuhwamuka okunamandla, ngoba umehluko wezinga lokushisa mkhulu kangangokuthi udaka luyakwazi ukushisisa amanzi ngokushesha futhi ludale amafu, iningi lawo elingumhwamuko wamanzi. Kodwa ngisho nezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko, amanzi awagcini nje ngokuba ne-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo (H2O), aphinde abe nochungechunge lwezinye izingxenye zamakhemikhali, njenge-chlorine, i-carbon, njll., engakhiqiza amagesi ahlukahlukene kanye nezinto eziguquguqukayo.
I-Instituto de Vulcanología de Canarias (INVOLCAN) ibika ukuthi lawa enza amafu amhlophe noma amakholomu (ama-plumes) agcwele i-hydrochloric acid, njengoba bekubonwe kusukela ekuqaleni. Amanzi olwandle anothe nge-sodium chloride (NaCl), futhi inqubo yamakhemikhali eyinhloko eyenzeka ekushiseni okuphezulu kwe-lava ikhiqiza i-hydrochloric acid (HCl), ngaphezu kwekholomu yomhwamuko wamanzi. Kusetshenziswe i-drone enezinzwa zamakhemikhali endaweni ukuhlaziya igesi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-compounds akhiqizwa, kodwa ngokombono wokuphepha awafani ne-hydrochloric acid, ngoba, phakathi kweminye imiphumela, ingabangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba noma iso, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuhlala kude nendawo. ukufinyelela. Okufanayo kuya kumagesi aphumayo.
Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi lelifu alihlobene nakancane nensika enkulu yentaba-mlilo: “Kwakunenqwaba ye-sulphur dioxide (igesi eyinhloko esisiza ukuba siqaphe isimo sokuqhuma), isikhutha nezinye izakhi ezakhishwa lapho, kodwa ngobuningi. phezulu".
Amakholomu esitimu esine-asidi akhiqizwa udaka olushisayo nolwandle aqukethe nezinhlamvu ezincane zengilazi yentaba-mlilo.
Ngemva kokuchayeka ezindaweni ezibandayo kanye namanzi amaningi, udaka luphola ngokushesha, okulwenza luqine njengengilazi, ephulwa ukuhluka kokushisa. Ngokuvamile, amagesi ashisa kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-100 ºC lapho amanzi ebila) angaba nobuthi ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma sezidedeliwe emkhathini, ziyahlakazeka futhi zincibilike. Kungase kube nengozi ethile ebangeni eliseduze, kodwa ngokusobala leyo ndawo izungezwe futhi ivikelwe ngamamayela ukuzungezaNgakho akufanele kube yisizathu sokukhathazeka.
kwenzekani emanzini
Lapho ukude kakhulu nokugeleza kwe-lava, izinga lokushisa lamanzi liyasimama kancane kancane. Ukushisa kwe-lava kubilisa amanzi lapho ethintana ngqo nezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-100ºC. Amanzi ayahwamuka, kodwa njengoba eqhela ekugelezeni kwe-lava, izinga lokushisa liyehla kancane kancane.
Lapho ukude kakhulu nokugeleza kwe-lava, izinga lokushisa lolwandle liyasimama kancane kancane. Amanzi anamandla kunelondolo, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni zokuthintwa lapho amanzi ahwamuka khona ngokushesha.
Uma nje udaka luqhubeka lufinyelela olwandle futhi lubhidlize, Ngokuvumela iziqhingi ukuba zikhuphuke ngaphezu kolwandle, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuyaqhubeka. Kuyohlala kukhona ungqimba lwamanzi oluhlangana nelondolo elishisayo. Uma nje ilokhu ifika lapho, lokhu kusabela kuzoqhubeka ngoba kuyohlale kukhona lowo mehluko wokushisa.
Kwenzekani uma udaka lufika olwandle futhi kukhiqizwa amagesi
Imiphumela ye-gasification noma ukufakwa kwamagesi asuka ekugelezeni kwe-lava olwandle ivinjelwe, ngakho-ke, endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-lava nolwandle, okuyiyona ehwamuka. Ngokomthetho, umthelela walokhu kugobhoza emanzini uvame ukunyamalala noma unciphe kakhulu lapho uphumela kude.
Ngokufanayo, ochwepheshe be-INVOLCAN baxwayisa ngokuthi lezi zinsika zomhwamuko we-asidi ziyingozi eqinisekile yendawo kubantu abavakashela noma abasezindaweni ezisogwini lapho udaka luhlangana nolwandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphikisa ngokuthi, lesi simusi asinamandla njengethafa lentaba-mlilo, elikhiqiza amagesi ane-asidi entaba-mlilo. Bafaka amandla amakhulu emkhathini, ukuphakama okungafika ku-5 km.
I-INVOLCAN ixwayisa ngokuthi ukuhogela umoya noma ukuchayeka kumagesi ane-asidi noketshezi kungaphatha kabi isikhumba, amehlo kanye nendlela yokuphefumula, ngaphezu kokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi kulezo ezinezimo zokuphefumula ezivele zikhona.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani uma udaka lufika olwandle.