Iqhwa liyilokho okubizwa ngokuthi amanzi ayiqhwa alokhu enile. Akuyona into engaphezu kwamanzi esimweni esiqinile esiwa ngokuqondile emafwini. Amakhekheba eqhwa akhiwa amakristalu eqhwa okuthi, lapho ehlela phezu komhlaba, amboze yonke into ngengubo enhle emhlophe. Nokho, nakuba lengubo imhlophe, siyazi ukuthi isibhakabhaka sisobala. Lokhu kwenza abantu abaningi bazibuze kungani kumhlophe qhwa.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani iqhwa limhlophe uma iqhwa libonakala.
izici zeqhwa
Ukuze sazi ukuthi kungani iqhwa limhlophe, kumelwe siqale sazi ukuthi ziyini izici zalo. Iqhwa amakristalu amancane amanzi ayiqhwa lokho akhiwa ngokumunca amaconsi amanzi ku-troposphere ephezulu. Lapho la maconsi eshayisana, ahlangana akhe amakhekheba eqhwa. Uma isisindo sekhekheba leqhwa sikhulu kunokumelana nomoya, lizowa.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinga lokushisa lapho ama-snowflakes enza khona kufanele libe ngaphansi kwe-zero. Inqubo yokwakheka iyafana neyeqhwa noma isichotho. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwabo yizinga lokushisa lokubunjwa.
Lapho iqhwa liwela phansi, liyanqwabelana futhi lenze izingqimba. Isithwathwa siyaphikelela futhi siyaqhubeka sigcina inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa lendawo lihlala lingaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, amakhekheba eqhwa azoqala ukuncibilika. Izinga lokushisa okwakhiwa kulo amakhekheba eqhwa ngokuvamile liba ngu-5°C. Ingakheka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, kodwa ivamise uku-5°C.
Abantu bavame ukuhlobanisa iqhwa nokubanda okukhulu, lapho empeleni ukukhithika okuningi kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi liku-9°C noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ayibhekwa: umswakama wemvelo. Ukuswakama kuyisici esinemibandela ebukhoneni beqhwa endaweni. Uma isimo sezulu somile kakhulu, ngisho noma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, ngeke likhithike. Isibonelo salokhu izigodi ezomile zase-Antarctica, lapho kuneqhwa kodwa kungabi neqhwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi iqhwa liyabuna. Cishe ngalezo zikhathi lapho iqhwa elakhiwe ukuswakama okuzungezile ngomoya omningi owomile liphendula amakhekheba eqhwa abe yimpushana enganamathi ndawo, elungele leyo midlalo yeqhwa.
Isembozo seqhwa ngemva kokuwa kweqhwa sinezici ezihlukene kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi wesimo sezulu uthuthuka kanjani. Uma kunemimoya enamandla, iqhwa elincibilikayo, njll.
kungani kumhlophe qhwa
Nakuba ilanga esilibonayo liphuzi, okuyindlela esivame ukuliveza ngayo emidwebeni, ukukhanya elikubuyisela kithi kumhlophe. Umbala ophuzi udalwa ukuhlanekezela okudalwa umkhathi. Osomkhathi basemkhathini babona ilanga limhlophe.
Lokhu kukhanya esikuthola ezinkanyezini kuyisamba sayo yonke imibala ye-spectrum ebonakalayo, futhi umphumela uba mhlophe. Lokhu kuphambene ncamashi nesimo ngomdwebo. Uma sixuba yonke imibala yendlu, sizoba mnyama.
Amakhekheba eqhwa athatha umfanekiso ongajwayelekile. Iqhwa eliwayo empeleni liwa ngendlela yama-flakes amakhulu. Umoya uvaleleke phakathi kwalezi zinhlayiya. Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya ngayinye yazo, ishintsha indlela, isuka emoyeni iye eqhweni futhi isuke eqhweni iye emoyeni. Ungakwenza ngokuphindaphindiwe. Izingxenye nazo zibonakala endaweni efanayo yekhodi.
Umqondo oyinhloko uwukuqonda ukuthi konke ukukhanya okushaya ama-flakes kugxuma kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ayikho ingxenye yokukhanya emuncwa. Ngakho ukukhanya okumhlophe kushiya ama-flakes anezici ezifanayo ngendlela ukukhanya okufika ngayo. Ngakho iqhwa limhlophe.
iqhwa elinemibala ehlukene
Iqhwa lihlala limhlophe. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka sikubone kweminye imibala kwezinye izithombe. ESpain, eminyakeni yamuva nje siye sabona izindawo zokungcebeleka eqhweni ezidaywe zaba nsundu ngenxa yeqhwa.
Imbangela ayihlangene nokukhanya, kodwa ngezinhlayiya zothuli ezimisiwe ezithwalwa yimimoya evela eNyakatho Afrika. Njengoba ezinzile, aphelezelwa amakhekheba eqhwa akhazimula izingxenye ezithile zendawo eshushuluza eqhweni.
Khona-ke singathola iqhwa leminye imibala, kodwa uma seliphansi liba nombala. Kunjalo ngeqhwa eliyimpuphu, elikhiqizwa amagciwane enhlabathi okuthi, lapho ehlanganiswa neqhwa, alidaye ngalowo mbala. Noma emnyama, uma kukhona ukungcoliswa kwekhabhoni.
Incazelo enemininingwane yokuthi kungani iqhwa limhlophe
Iqhwa lakhiwe ama-flakes, okungamakristalu amakristalu aqandiswe azungeze impushana. Zimise okwenkanyezi futhi zinezingalo eziyisithupha, ngayinye yakhiwe ama-molecule ambalwa angama-quintillion. Zakha emafini agcwele amaconsi amanzi izinga lokushisa lawo lehla liye ku-12ºC. Njengoba ama-flakes ehlangana nomunye, umoya uvaleleke. Yilo moya oyinikeza umbala omhlophe qhwa.
Lowomoya usakaza ukukhanya, okungukuthi, ukudonsa futhi ukukhiphele nhlangothi zonke njengebhola lebhilidi. Ukukhanya kumhlophe ngoba kuyisamba sayo yonke imibala yothingo: okubomvu, okusawolintshi, okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza. Umoya wakhiwe ama-molecule omoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen namagesi ahloniphekile, kanye nezinhlayiya ezimisiwe njengothuli, amaconsi amanzi namakristalu amanzi nosawoti.
Isici ngasinye esakha umoya sihlakaza ukukhanya kumbala othize ngokuya ngezici zakhona. Okusho ukuthi, wonke umuntu unokukhethwa kombala othile obumba ukukhanya okuwela phezu kwabo futhi okuhlukanise kweminye imibala. Isibonelo, i-nitrogen ne-oxygen isakaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-violet ngaphezulu, okuphuma kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kuyilapho yonke eminye imibala ivunyelwe ukuba idlule ngomugqa oqondile. Sibona ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kudubula kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Nokho, umoya ovaleleke ezikhaleni phakathi kwamakhekheba eqhwa awuwona umoya ofanayo okhiqizwa isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Ngaphansi kwale mikhawulo, imibala iphinde ihlakazeke, kodwa iso lomuntu alikwazi ukwazisa izinketho zombala wezakhi ezahlukene. Siyabona ukuthi ukukhanya kuxutshwe futhi, okumhlophe.
Umphumela ofanayo uvela nge-polar bear fur, isibonelo. Ingubo yakhe yayingemhlophe qhwa, kodwa isobala. Umoya ovaleleke phakathi kwezinwele okwenza zibe mhlophe ngokusabalalisa ukukhanya, njengaseqhweni.
Umoya ofanayo owenza iqhwa libe mhlophe unikeza esinye isici: umphumela ophumuzayo. Thina esihlala emadolobheni sikubona ngamandla akhethekile ukuzola okulethwa yiqhwa. Kuthuleke umoya womuzi. Akunjalo ngoba izimoto zihamba kancane noma abantu behamba kancane. Okwenzeka ukuthi iqhwa lavala umsindo. Okungeziwe emoyeni endlini kathayela yangaphakathi umoya osavaleleke eqhweni elijiyile, elifihla inani elikhulu lemigodi efihla umoya owengeziwe.
iqhwa elinombala oluhlaza
Lapho ezwa igama elithi iqhwa eliluhlaza, umuntu angase akucabange ukuthi uhlaza luyakhula ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa lase-Antarctic. Njengamanje, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa embulunga yonke, iqhwa elimhlophe liphenduka libe luhlaza njengoba ulwelwe olungabonakali lukhula. Ukuyikhulisa ngobuningi kuzoyishintsha ibe luhlaza njengeqhwa futhi ibonakale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lo mkhuba ungabonakala ngisho usemkhathini futhi uye wasiza ososayensi ekwenzeni amabalazwe.
Yonke idatha iqoqwa ngenxa yamasathelayithi akwazi ukubuka nokuthatha izithombe. Ukubhekwa okwenziwa ehlobo elithile e-Antarctica kwahlanganiswa nokubhekwa kwesathelayithi ukuze kulinganiswe zonke izindawo lapho kuzohlolwa khona iqhwa eliluhlaza. Zonke lezi zilinganiso zizosetshenziselwa ukubala ukuthi ulwelwe luzoqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani ukusabalala ezwenikazi lonke ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokungamangalisi, ukukhula kwalolu lwelwe oluncanyana kuthinta ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke.
I-albedo Yomhlaba inani lemisebe yelanga eboniswa emuva emkhathini izakhi ezahlukene endaweni yoMhlaba. Phakathi kwalezi zakhi sithola izindawo ezinemibala ekhanyayo, amafu, amagesi, njll. Iqhwa lingabonisa kufika ku-80% wemisebe yelanga engenayo. Okutholakele kuqhwa eliluhlaza ukuthi idatha ye-albedo yehliselwe ku-45%. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukushisa okwengeziwe kungahlala ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuthi kubuyiselwe emkhathini.
Umuntu angase acabange ukuthi njengoba i-albedo yase-Antarctica izokwehla, ingaba isilawuli esimaphakathi sokushisa esiziqinisayo. Nokho, izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta lokhu kuguquka kwezinga lokushisa nazo kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhula kwe-microalgae kusiza ukumuncwa kwe-carbon dioxide nge-photosynthesis. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, okusisiza ukuba sigcine amazinga okushisa ephansi.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele sihlaziye ibhalansi phakathi kwenani lokushisa i-Antarctica ekwazi ukuligcina ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-albedo yasemhlabeni kanye nekhono lolwelwe oluncane oluncane lokumunca i-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Njengoba sonke sazi, i-carbon dioxide iyigesi elibamba ukushisa elinamandla okuvikela. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuba ne-carbon dioxide eyengeziwe emkhathini, kugcinwa ukushisa okwengeziwe, okubangela ukuba izinga lokushisa likhuphuke.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kungani iqhwa limhlophe.