Ngokuqinisekile uma ubheka esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ungabona izigidigidi zezinkanyezi ezakha umkhathi. Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa izinkanyezi, ngokungafani namaplanethi namanye amasathelayithi, ukuthi ziyacwayiza. Okusho ukuthi, kubukeka sengathi zikhanyisa ngokuqhubekayo. abantu abaningi bayazibuza kungani izinkanyezi zibenyezela namaplanethi awakwenzi.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi kungani izinkanyezi zicwayiza nokuthi kungani zenza kanjalo.
kungani izinkanyezi zibenyezela
Yonke into engaphandle komkhathi iyacwayiza (yebo, lokho kuhlanganisa ilanga, inyanga, namaplanethi esimiso sethu sonozungezilanga). Lo mphumela uvela lapho ukukhanya kwenkanyezi kuhlangana nezixuku zomoya. Esimweni sethu, leyo nqwaba yomoya ingumkhathi, okuyinto igcwele isiyaluyalu. Lokhu kubangela ukukhanya ukuthi kuhlale kuphambanisa ngezindlela ezihlukene, ukuze ukukhanya okuvela enkanyezini kube sendaweni eyodwa ukusuka endaweni yethu yokubuka phezulu, futhi ngemva kwama-millisecond ambalwa kubonakale kushintsha kancane.
Kungani singakuboni ukucwayiza kwamaplanethi, ilanga nenyanga? Kulula ukuchaza. Ngenxa yebanga lethu ukusuka kuzo (inkanyezi eseduze, u-Proxima Centauri, ingaphezudlwana nje kweminyaka emi-4 yokukhanya), lezi zinkanyezi zibonakala zingamaphuzu nje okukhanya. Njengoba iphoyinti lokukhanya kuphela elifinyelela emkhathini, lingathinteka kakhulu isiphithiphithi esisemoyeni futhi ngenxa yalokho sizoqhubeka nokubaneka. Ngaphezu kokuba seduze, amaplanethi avela njengamadiski (nakuba kungenjalo ngeso lenyama), okwenza ukukhanya kuzinze kakhudlwana (kuyilapho iNyanga neLanga kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho umphumela awubonakali).
Ezinye izinkanyezi zibonakala zishintsha umbala
Ezinsukwini ezithile, phakathi kwamabili, inkanyezi eyi-quintuple (enye yezinkanyezi ezikhanya kakhulu esingazibona esibhakabhakeni) ingaphezu komkhathizwe (ehlangothini le-N-NE), kodwa vala ngokwanele ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ngaphezu kokucwayizanayo iyaguga. Ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala (obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza...). Lesi yisenzakalo esivamile, esibonakala kalula ezinkanyezini eduze komkhathizwe, kodwa futhi sibonakala kwezinye izinkanyezi.
Incazelo iyafana nokucwayiza, kodwa sengeza ukuthi inani lomoya ukukhanya okufanele lihambe libheke kithi likhulu kakhulu, i-refraction igqama kakhulu, okwenza izinkanyezi zibonakale zishintsha njalo umbala. Futhi, nakuba engavamile ukucwayiza, amaplanethi angaphinde akhiphe lokhu kukhanya okushintshayo uma eseduze kakhulu nomkhathizwe.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukucwayiza
Nakuba ukucwayiza kwezinkanyezi kungasho noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kithi, kosonkanyezi izinto zingashintsha kakhulu. Sinezindawo zokubuka izinto eziningi ebusweni boMhlaba, ngoba ngakho kufanele sisuse lokhu kuhlanekezela ukuze sibone izinkanyezi. Ukwenza lokhu, ezinye zezibonakude ezithuthuke kakhulu eMhlabeni zisebenzisa i-adaptive optics, zizungezisa izibuko zesibonakude izikhathi eziningi ngomzuzwana ukunxephezela isiphithiphithi esisemkhathini.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zifaka i-laser esibhakabhakeni, zenze inkanyezi yokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokubuka yesibonakude. Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi inkanyezi yokwenziwa kufanele ibukeke kanjani nokuthi yimuphi umbala, konke okufanele ukwenze ukulungisa ukuhlanekezela kwesibuko ngepiston ukuze kuqedwe imiphumela yokuhlanekezela komkhathi. Akusebenzi kahle njengokwethula isibonakude emkhathini, kodwa ishibhile futhi kubonakala kusiza izidingo zethu kahle.
Enye indlela, njengoba usubonile, ukwethula isibonakude ngqo emkhathini. Ngaphandle komkhathi ongenelayo, ukucwayiza kuyanyamalala ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe izibonakude ezimbili ezidume kakhulu zasemkhathini iHubble neKepler.
Ngosayizi, i-Hubble incane kakhulu kunezibonakude esinazo eMhlabeni (empeleni, icishe ibe ingxenye yesine yobukhulu besibuko sesibonakude esikhulu sokubona), kodwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokuhlanekezela komkhathi, iyakwazi ukuthatha izithombe zemithala enezigidigidi zokukhanya - eminyakeni embalwa. Kufanele nje ubheke kuleyo ndlela isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze uthole ukukhanya okuvela kuyo.
Futhi, ezinye izibonakude zinesibuko sesibili esincane esilungisa lesi sidumo somoya, kodwa lokhu akuvamile. Okungukuthi, inqubo injengoba nginitshelile, kodwa ukuhlanekezela akwenzeki esibukweni esikhulu, kodwa esibukweni esincane esiyingxenye yethuluzi esilisebenzisayo ukuze silibone.
Izinkanyezi zishintsha umfutho
Kungenzeka uke wezwa ukuthi izinkanyezi ziyabenyezela ngoba zikhipha ukukhanya okuhlukahlukene. Nakuba kuyiqiniso, uguquko alubonakali kangangokuthi lungabangela isibhakabhaka sasebusuku ukuba silokoze, futhi lwenzeka isikhathi eside kunemizuzwana embalwa. Eqinisweni, ezinye zalezi zinkanyezi zaziwa ngokugqama nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, futhi sizisebenzisa ukuze zisisize sihlole kangcono indawo yonke. Kafushane: izinkanyezi ziyabenyezela ngoba umkhathi weplanethi uhlanekezela ukukhanya kwazo ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelele kithi.
Njengoba ekude kakhulu, singabona amaconsi amancane okukhanya, ngakho lokhu kuhlanekezelwa kwenzeka, futhi lapho usondela emkhathizwe, yilapho lokhu kuhlanekezela kuzophumela obala. Endabeni yamaplanethi, nakuba ebonakala ekhudlwana ngeso lenyama, abonakala kithi njengamadiski amancane okukhanya, futhi ukukhanya okwanele kufinyelela emkhathini ukuze ukuhlanekezela kokukhanya okubangelwa umkhathi kungabonakali.
Kungani izinkanyezi zicwebezela: umkhathi
Ukukhanya okushiya inkanyezi futhi kuhambe ibanga elide eMhlabeni akugobile neze. Shayela ngomugqa oqondile. Uma sekufanele idlule emkhathini, umkhondo wayo uyashintsha. Nakuba umkhathi usobala, akulona ungqimba lokuminyana okufanayo. Izingxenye eziseduze nendawo ziminyene kunezendlalelo ezingaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya ofudumele ukhuphuka phakathi nosuku, ongaminyene kakhulu kunomoya obandayo. Konke lokhu kubangela ukuthi umkhathi ube yigesi enyakazayo. Siyagcizelela, nakuba ngokusobala.
Lapho ukukhanya okuvela ezinkanyezini sekuzofika kithi, kufanele kudlule emkhathini. Ichezuka kancane isikhathi ngasinye lapho ihlangana nezingqimba zomoya wokuminyana okuhlukene. Iyahlehla lapho ishintsha isuka kundlela yokuminyana iye kwenye. Nokunjalo, ngokuqhubekayo. Njengoba umoya uhamba njalo, sicabanga ukuthi umdanso omncane owenziwa izinkanyezi nawo awuguquki, unikeza umbono wokuthi ziyacwayiza. Lokhu kuchezuka okuncane kungazibangela ukuba zishintshe umbala, njengoba kwenza ilanga lapho lishona emkhathizwe.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuthi kungani izinkanyezi zicwayiza futhi amaplanethi awacwayizi.