Siyazi ukuthi iJupiter iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga. Kuningi okubhekiwe okwenziwe ukuthola ukuthi Iziphuphutheki zeJupiter. Kuze kube namuhla kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinyanga ezingama-79 kule planethi. Iziphuphutheki zemvelo zibizwa nangokuthi inyanga futhi ngumzimba wasezulwini ojikeleza iplanethi. Kuhlelo lwelanga kunamaplanethi ayi-6 kuphela aneziphuphutheki zemvelo kususwe iMercury neVenus.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici nokutholwa kwama-satellite e-Jupiter.
Izici ze-Jupiter
Ubuningi beJupiter bucishe kube yikota ukuminyana kweplanethi yethu. Noma kunjalo, ingaphakathi lakhiwe kakhulu amagesi i-hydrogen, i-helium ne-argon. Ngokungafani noMhlaba, awukho umehluko ocacile phakathi komhlaba noMkhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amagesi asemkhathini aguquka kancane kancane abe uketshezi.
I-Hydrogen icindezelwe kangangokuthi isesimweni se-metallic liquid. Lokhu akwenzeki eplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yebanga nobunzima bokufunda ingaphakathi lale planethi, akwaziwa okwamanje ukuthi i-nucleus yakhiwa yini. Kucatshangelwa okwezinto ezinamatshe ezinjengeqhwa, uma kubhekwa amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene namandla ayo, inguquko eyodwa ezungeze iLanga njalo eminyakeni engu-11,9 yoMhlaba. Ngenxa yebanga kanye nomjikelezo omude kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuzungeza iLanga kuneplanethi yethu. Itholakala ebangeni le-orbital lamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-778. Umhlaba neJupiter banezikhathi lapho besondela futhi beqhela komunye nomunye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imijikelezo yazo ayifani yonke iminyaka. Njalo eminyakeni engama-47, ibanga phakathi kwamaplanethi liyahlukahluka.
Ibanga elincane phakathi kwamaplanethi amabili ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-590. Leli banga lenzeke ngonyaka wezi-2013. Kodwa-ke la maplanethi angatholakala ebangeni eliphezulu elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-676.
Iziphuphutheki zeJupiter
Kusukela ukufunda kwaqala ngonyaka Kusukela ngo-1892 kuze kube namuhla uhlu lwama-satellites we-Jupiter luyi-79. Zitholwe kancane kancane futhi zathola izici zazo. Zethiwa ngabathandi, ngemibono nangamadodakazi kaNkulunkulu kaJupiter. Lawa masathelayithi ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningi: njalo futhi okungajwayelekile. Ngaphakathi kweqembu lokuqala sinezinyanga zaseGalile kanye nezinhlelo kanye nokubuyiselwa emuva kokungajwayelekile. Kunezinyanga ezi-8 ezijwayelekile futhi zonke zine-orbitade orbit. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekuhambeni kokuhamba komzimba wasezulwini ujikeleza ohlangothini olufanayo lapho iplanethi ijikeleza. Akuwona wonke ama-satellite anesimo esiyindilinga, kepha kukhona okunye okungama-amorphous ngokuphelele.
Abanye bacabanga ukuthi iziphuphutheki zakhiwa nge-circplanetary disk, iringi yokwengeza igesi, kanye nezicucu eziqinile ezifana ne-protoplanetary disk ezungeze inkanyezi.
Ukuqhubeka nokwehlukana sinezinyanga ezingajwayelekile. Yizinto ezincane ngosayizi futhi zikude kakhulu kunalezo ezijwayelekile. Inemizila yazo zonke izinhlobo. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu elikhulu sinezinyanga ezine-prograde orbit. Ngaphakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwezinyanga ezingajwayelekile sithola namanye amaqembu. Owokuqala yiqembu le-Himalia. Iqembu leziphuphutheki zeJupiter ezinomjikelezo ofanayo futhi ezaziwa ngegama lenyanga enkulu kunazo zonke kuleyo ndawo. Ibizwa kanjalo ngoba IHimalia ingamakhilomitha ayi-170 ububanzi uma iqhathaniswa no-36, 20 no-80 weListea, iLeda ne-Elara. Ngokulandelana.
Ngemuva kwalokho sinelinye iqembu ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ezingajwayelekile. Yizingcingo ezihlelwa kabusha. Lezi zinyanga zibizwa ngokuba ne-orbit ephikisana nokujikeleza kweJupiter. Kuleli qembu sinezinyanga ezisele kuze kufike ku-79.
Iziphuphutheki eziyinhloko zeJupiter
Izinyanga eziyinhloko zale planethi zingu-4 futhi zibizwa ngokuthi i-Io, i-Europa, iGanymede neCallisto. Lezi zinyanga ezi-4 zingabaseGalile futhi ziseqenjini lezikhathi ezijwayelekile futhi zingabonakala ngesibonakude esivela kwiplanethi yethu.
Inyanga Io
Isiphuphutheki esiseduzane nesiminyene kunazo zonke izinyanga zaseGalile. Lapha singathola amathafa abanzi kakhulu nezinye izintaba kodwa ayinayo intaba ngenxa yesivumelwano se-meteorite ethile. Njengoba ingenayo imigodi, kucatshangwa ukuthi inesikhathi esifushane sokuma komhlaba. Inezintaba-mlilo ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezisebenzayo, okuyizinto zasezulwini ezisebenza kakhulu ngokwesimiso sonozungezilanga sonke.
Inomoya omncane, omncane kakhulu onokwakheka yi-sulfur dioxide, phakathi kwamanye amagesi. Awunawo amanzi ngenxa yokusondela kweplanethi nomphumela onayo kule nyanga.
Inyanga Europa
Kuyinto encane kunazo zonke izinyanga eziyisi-4 eziyinhloko. Ineqweqwe leqhwa nomgogodla okungenzeka wakhiwa i-iron ne-nickel. Umkhathi wayo nawo mncane impela futhi mncane futhi wenziwe kakhulu nge-oxygen. Ubuso bushelelezi impela futhi lokhu kuthungwa kuholele ososayensi ukuthi bacabange ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kunolwandle olungaphansi kobuso obelungadala ukudala impilo. Ngoba impilo kungenzeka, i-Europa isibe yisathelayithi ethakazelisa kakhulu ongayihlola kulo lonke uhlelo lwelanga.
Iziphuphutheki zeJupiter: Moon Ganymede
Iyisathelayithi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwonozungezilanga futhi ukuphela kwayo enamandla ayo kazibuthe. Iphindwe kabili ubukhulu benyanga yethu futhi naye cishe ulingana ngeminyaka. Iqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-silicates neqhwa. Ingqikithi yayo ishonile futhi icebile futhi iyinsimbi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona ulwandle lwangaphakathi olungabamba amanzi amaningi ukwedlula zonke izilwandle ezisemhlabeni.
INyanga yeCallisto
Iyisathelayithi yesibili ngobukhulu yeJupiter. Ayishiswa ngamaza olwandle abangelwa amandla adonsela phansi kaJupiter. Okude kakhulu. Inokuzungeza okuvumelanayo futhi ihlale ikhombisa ubuso obufanayo kwiplanethi njengoba kwenzeka enyangeni yoMhlaba.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana neziphuphutheki ze-Jupiter nezimpawu zazo.