Iziphepho zelanga

izici zesiphepho selanga

I-Las iziphepho zelanga yizigigaba ezenzeka njalo elangeni ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile futhi zingathinta kabi iplanethi yethu. Zitholwa ososayensi futhi kunzima ukuzibala.

Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana neziphepho zelanga, ukuthi yiziphi imvelaphi yazo kanye nemiphumela engenzeka.

Ziyini iziphepho zelanga

umonakalo emhlabeni ngenxa yeziphepho zelanga

Iziphepho zelanga ziyizenzakalo ezenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi welanga. Nakuba le nkanyezi ikude neplanethi yethu, ilanga nemisebenzi yalo kuphazamisa amandla kazibuthe omhlaba. Kukhona abantu abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi iziphepho zelanga ngeke zidale umonakalo wangempela, nakuba kwezinye izimo kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi zingakwazi. Lezi zenzakalo ziwumphumela wokuvutha kwelanga kanye ne-coronal mass ejections. Lokhu kuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo bakhiqiza umoya welanga kanye nokuqhuma kwezinhlayiyana ezisakazekela emhlabeni wethu.

Uma ingena endaweni kazibuthe yomhlaba, izokhiqiza isiphepho se-geomagnetic esizohlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ezivunguvungwini zelanga, sinozibuthe ebusweni belanga, okubangela amabala elanga. Uma la mabala elanga emakhulu, azobangela amalangabi elanga. Yonke le misebenzi ivame ukugcwala isifuba somoya esiphuma elangeni. Lapho le plasma ikhishwa, into yesibili eyaziwa ngokuthi i-coronal mass ejections iyenzeka.

Ngenxa yebanga eliphakathi komhlaba nelanga, ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezi-3 ukuthi izinhlayiya zifike. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza ukwazi ukubona izibani zaseNyakatho. Ilanga linomjikelezo weminyaka engu-11 futhi ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inani eliphakeme kunawo wonke emsebenzini welanga lalingo-2013. Esinye seziphepho ezimbi kakhulu ezirekhodiwe senzeka ngo-1859 futhi sidume ngesenzakalo saseCarrington. Lesi siphepho selanga sabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zikazibuthe kagesi emhlabeni. I-Northern Lights ingabonakala ezindaweni ezingenakukwazi ukufakwa ohlwini. Kukhona nezinkinga ezinkulu ngemishini kagesi.

Ezinye iziphepho zelanga ezinamandla kakhulu zenzeka ngo-1958, 1989, nango-2000. Umthelela wesiphepho wawumncane, kodwa kwaba khona ukunqamuka kukagesi nokulimala kwesathelayithi.

Origen

izivunguvungu zelanga ezinodlame

Iziphepho zelanga zihlanganisa ukuqhuma okunamandla kwe-plasma nezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-flare futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukukhishwa kwe-coronal mass. Lapho umjikelezo welanga ufinyelela umsebenzi wawo omkhulu, isiphepho selanga senzeka. Okusho ukuthi, lapho umsebenzi kazibuthe welanga uba namandla futhi uqala ukuncipha. Ukukhishwa kwe-Coronal mass ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kwe-electrocautery, Kodwa akuhlali kunje. Kukhona umsebenzi omkhulu welanga njalo eminyakeni eyi-11. Isikhathi sokugcina saqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2012 futhi sahlala kwaze kwaba ngu-2013.

Umsebenzi kazibuthe welanga ubangela ukuba indandatho ye-plasma yakheke phezu kwayo. Lapho umsebenzi kazibuthe unamandla, kunezindandatho eziningi ezishayisana, okubangela ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-plasma. Afinyelela amazinga okushisa angamashumi ezigidi zamadigri.

Imiphumela engaba khona

iziphepho zelanga

Uma le nto inkulu, ingaphazamisa ugesi emhlabeni. Omunye wemiphumela emibi kakhulu engaba nayo ukuthi izoqeda ugesi emhlabeni jikelele. Zonke izintambo kufanele zishintshwe ukuze zikhanyise futhi. Kuphinde kuthinte kakhulu ezokuxhumana namasathelayithi. Ngeke sikuphike ukuthi ubuntu ngokuyinhloko busekelwe kumasathelayithi. Namuhla sisebenzisa amasathelayithi kuyo yonke into. Nokho, iziphepho zelanga zingacekela phansi noma zenze amasathelayithi ayeke ukusebenza.

Kungase futhi kuthinte osomkhathi abenza izifundo ezihlukahlukene emkhathini. Iziphepho zelanga zikhipha imisebe eminingi. Imisebe iyingozi empilweni yethu. Kungabangela umdlavuza kanye nezinkinga enzalweni. Inkinga ngemisebe ukuchayeka kwayo kanye nobuningi bayo. Ngenxa yemikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, wonke umuntu uke avezwe kancane kancane enanini elithile lemisebe. Kodwa-ke, noma ubani osenesikhathi eside echayeke emisebeni eminingi angase abe nezinye zalezi zifo.

Izilwane eziningi ziyazwela lapho zishintsha amandla kazibuthe eMhlabeni, ngakho iziphepho zelanga zingaziphazamisa. Izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezifudukayo ziqondiswa amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba zingalahlekelwa indlela yazo noma zife, beka engcupheni ukusinda kwezinhlobo zezilwane.

Enye ingozi yalesi simo ukuthi ingashiya izwe lonke lingenawo ugesi izinyanga. Lokhu kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu emnothweni wombuso futhi kungase kuthathe iminyaka eminingana ukubuyela emazingeni akhona. Sesithembele kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kangangokuthi umnotho wethu wonke ugxile kubo.

Ukulimala kwesiphepho elanga eMhlabeni

Manje njengoba sesibonile iziphepho zelanga ezingaphazamisa ezokuxhumana nezixhumi zikagesi futhi zibangele ukucisha kukagesi, kungashiwo ukuthi namuhla sihlangabezane nesiphepho esifana nalesi esenzeka ngo-1859, futhi ukuphila kuyokhubazeka ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi seStorm Carrington, iNorthern Lights yaqoshwa eCuba nase-Honolulu, ngenkathi i-aurora eseningizimu ibonakala eSantiago de Chile.

Kuthiwa ukukhanya kokuntwela kokusa kukhulu kangangokuthi usungafunda iphephandaba nje kusempondo zankomo. Nakuba imibiko eminingi ye-Storm Carrington isafuna ukwazi, uma into efana nalena kwenzeka namuhla, ingqalasizinda yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ingase ime. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, abantu bathembele ngokuphelele kwezobuchwepheshe. Umnotho wethu uhlobene kakhulu nawo. Uma ubuchwepheshe buyeka ukusebenza, umnotho uzontengantenga.

Abanye ochwepheshe bathi ukuphazamiseka kukagesi okunamandla njengemishini ye-telegraph elimazayo manje kuzoba yingozi nakakhulu. Iziphepho zelanga zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, kodwa akuzona zonke izigaba ezidinga ukwenzeka esiphepho. Okokuqala ukubonakala kwama-solar flare. Yilapho ama-X-ray kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet inika khona umkhathi ongaphezulu. Yile ndlela ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka ngayo kwezokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

Iziphepho zemisebe sekwephuzile futhi zingaba yingozi kakhulu kosomkhathi abasemkhathini. Okokugcina, isigaba sesithathu yisigaba lapho kungakhethwa khona izinga le-corona, okuyifu lezinhlayiya ezikhokhiswayo, okungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukufika emkhathini womhlaba. Lapho ngishaya emkhathini zonke izinhlayiya zelanga zizosebenzisana namandla kazibuthe omhlaba. Lokhu kubangela ukushintshashintsha kwe-electromagnetic okunamandla. Kunokukhathazeka ngemiphumela engaba nayo ku-GPS, ezingcingweni zamanje, ezindizeni nasezimotweni.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana neziphepho zelanga kanye nezici zazo.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.