izintaba zaseSpain

Impumuzo yenhlonhlo yethu igqama njengokukhululeka kwezintaba. I izintaba zaseSpain Zibonakala ngokuba nokukhululeka okumazombezombe futhi zihlukaniswe ngama-altitudes ahlukene, amathafa namadepression. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokukhululeka, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala njalo nezikhethekile ze-peninsula yethu.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngezici eziyinhloko zezintaba zaseSpain, ukukhululeka kwazo nokubaluleka kwazo.

impumuzo yaseSpain

Indawo yaseSpain ihlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angu-505.956 futhi ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, iziQhingi zaseBalearic, iziQhingi zaseCanary, namadolobha aseCeuta naseMelilla eNyakatho Afrika.

Isimo sendawo esethulwa yiSpain namuhla siwumphumela wezigidi zeminyaka zomlando wokwakheka komhlaba, okuthonywe kakhulu ukungqubuzana kwamapuleti ase-Afrika nase-Eurasia. Ukwengeza kulokhu, izinqubo zemvelo ezifana nokusebenza kwentaba-mlilo kanye nezinqubo zangaphandle ezibangelwa izici zangaphandle ezifana namanzi nomoya zidala ukwakheka okuhlukile kwe-geological ngaphakathi kwendawo.

Ngakho-ke, I-Spain iveza ukuhlukahluka okukhulu ekubukekeni kwezindawo zayo eziseduze ne-peninsula nezindawo ezizungezile kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuze sazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo losizo olukhona eSpain, kufanele siqale siqonde izici ezakhayo. Okokuqala, ake sibheke izici zezwe ze-peninsula:

• Ukuphakama: Isilinganiso sokuphakama singamamitha angama-660.
• Umumo: Ngenxa yobubanzi bamakhilomitha angu-1094 ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, okwengezwe ekwandiseni kanye nokulandelana kogu, ukwakheka kwalo kukhulu kakhulu, okuyi-quadrangular futhi kucishe kulingane.
• Uhlelo Lwentaba: Ngaphandle kwe-Sierra Ibérica kanye ne-Sierra Litoral Catalana, izintaba zigijima zisuka empumalanga ziye entshonalanga futhi zakha umgoqo wemvelo ngokumelene nomoya oswakeme osuka olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean.
• Ukusatshalaliswa kwangaphakathi komhlaba: Indawo yaseSpain ihlelwe yaba amayunithi ethafa elimaphakathi, elimele ama-45% omhlaba waseSpain. Izungezwe amagquma, imikhombe, nezintaba ezingaphandle.

Izici ze-Spanish insular relief zingahlukaniswa zibe ezilandelayo:

• Iziqhingi zase-Balearic: Uma kuqhathaniswa neziqhingi zaseCanary, ukukhululeka kwayo kunezintaba kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziQhingi zaseBalearic zakha ukunwetshwa kwendawo yezintaba ze-Baetic oLwandle iMedithera, yingakho zinendawo ye-peninsula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziQhingi zaseCanary zizimele ngokuphelele ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo yentaba-mlilo nendawo.
• I-Canary Islands: yakhiwe yi-magma ekhishwe endaweni engalungile yamapuleti ase-Afrika, futhi i-magma yaqina ukuze yakhe iziqhingi. Kulezi ziqhingi zaseCanary, lapho umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo usasebenza khona, indawo inentaba-mlilo futhi ngokuvamile sithola ama-caldera, ama-cone, ama-calderas, ama-badlands, ama-canyon nezinguzunga zeqhwa.

Manje njengoba usuzazi izici ezijwayelekile ze-peninsular kanye ne-insular reliefs, sizochaza kabanzi ngamayunithi ahlukene okusiza e-Spain.

izintaba zaseSpain

ithafa elimaphakathi

Yisici esiyinhloko sokuma kwezwe saseSpain, ithafa elikhulu eliwela imifula egcina igelezela oLwandle i-Atlantic. Ihlanganisa isikhungo seNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, idlula emiphakathini yaseCastilla-León, eCastilla-La Mancha nase-Extremadura. Ngokulandelayo, izindawo eziphakeme zihlukaniswe izifunda ezimbili ngesimiso sezintaba ezimaphakathi:

• I-North sub-plateau noma i-Duero depression: wawela umfula iDuero.
• I-sub-plateau noma i-southern depression Tagus-Guadiana ne-La Mancha: wawela imifula iTagus neGuadiana.

uhlelo lwezintaba

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunamaqembu amathathu ezintaba endaweni yaseSpain, ake sibone ukuthi ayini:

Izintaba ngaphakathi kwe-Plateau

Ezimbili zazo, njengoba negama lazo lisho, zitholakala maphakathi nethafa:

• Enyakatho eqhubekayo i- I-Central System: eyakhiwe yizintaba zaseSomosierra, eGuadarrama, eGredos naseGata, i-Almanzor iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke.
• Ukuqhubeka kancane eningizimu kukhona Izintaba zaseToledo: intaba ephansi. Kukhona iSierra de Guadalupe neLas Villuercas, isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke sezintaba.

Izintaba ezizungeze ithafa

Izintaba ezigudla i-Central Plateau yilezi:

• Izintaba zaseLeón: Enyakatho-ntshonalanga, izintaba zayo aziphakeme kakhulu, futhi iTeleno Peak iphakeme kakhulu.
• Izintaba zaseCantabrian: Enyakatho nasogwini lwaseCantabrian. Kunezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu lapha, kanti iTorre de Cerredo iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke.
• Uhlelo lwase-Iberia: Ngasempumalanga, ihlukanisa i-Central Plateau ne-Ebro Valley.Intaba yaseMoncayo iphakeme kakhulu.
• I-Sierra Morena: Ngaseningizimu, kunezintaba ezihlukanisa ithafa elimaphakathi neGuadalquivir Valley. Izintaba aziphakeme kakhulu, lapha sithola iSierra Madrona, iBañuela iyona ephakeme kakhulu.

Izintaba zaseSpain kude nethafa

Ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zethafa elimaphakathi sithola lezi zintaba ezilandelayo:

• I-Galician Massif: Enyakatho-ntshonalanga baphansi, kodwa iCabeza de Manzaneda iyona ephezulu kakhulu.
• Izintaba zase-Basque: Enyakatho, phakathi kwePyrenees nezintaba zaseCantabrian. I-Corey peak yayo yenza ukuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu.
• Ama-Pyrenees: Futhi enyakatho, zakha umngcele wemvelo phakathi kweSpain neFrance. Izintaba eziphakeme kakhulu, isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke i-Aneto. Ungaphuthelwa imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezitshalo nezilwane zasePyrenees esihlokweni esilandelayo seGreen Ecology.
• Uhlelo lwe-Catalan Coastal: Empumalanga yethafa, kunokhahlamba lwezintaba oluhambisana nogu lwaseMedithera. IMontserrat neMontseny bakha izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu.
• Amasistimu we-Baetic: Atholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Meseta futhi akhiwe yizintaba ze-Penibética ne-Subbética.

ukucindezeleka

ESpain sithola izindawo ezimbili ezinkulu ezidangele ngaphandle kwethafa elimaphakathi. Ziyisicaba, izindawo eziphakeme eziphansi phakathi kwezintaba ezinemifula edlula kuzo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• I-Ebro depression: ithafa elingunxantathu enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSpain, phakathi kwePyrenees, izintaba zase-Iberia kanye nogu lwaseCatalan. Umfula i-Ebro uwela kuwo.
• I-Guadalquivir Depression: Futhi umumo ongunxantathu, oseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSpain, phakathi kwezintaba zeMorena neBética. Iwela umfula iGuadalquivir.

Iziqhingi

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, insimu yaseSpain ihlanganisa iziqhingi ezimbili ezinkulu, empeleni eziyiziqhingi, okungukuthi, iqembu leziqhingi:

• Iziqhingi zase-Balearic: Iqukethe iziqhingi ezi-5: iMallorca, iMenorca, i-Ibiza, iFormentera neCabrera. Zitholakala ogwini lwaseMedithera empumalanga yeSpain. Ukukhululeka kweqoqo leziqhingi akuzona izintaba, izintaba zeTramuntana zisenyakatho yeMallorca kanye nesiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke yiPuig Major.
• I-Canary Islands: Kuneziqhingi eziyi-7 ezakha iqoqo leziqhingi, iLanzarote, iFuerteventura, iGran Canaria, iTenerife, iLa Gomera, i-El Hierro kanye nesiqhingi saseLa Palma. Ziyatholakala futhi phezu kolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean entshonalanga ye-Afrika. Indawo yalapha inezintaba ezisukela kuntaba-mlilo. Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke, iTeide, itholakala eTenerife futhi iphakeme kunawo wonke eSpain.

Izindleko

Ekugcineni, iSpain inogu olubanzi oluhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, okuyizi:

• I-cornice yaseCantabrian: ugu olusenyakatho, olusuka emngceleni neFrance luye esiqongweni se-Estaca de Bares. Lapho sathola amawa amaningi.
• Ugu lwaseMedithera: Kusukela eStrait of Gibraltar ukuya emngceleni weFrance, iwugu olude kakhulu eSpain.
• I-Atlantic Coast: Kusukela ekugcineni kwe-Estaca de Bares kuya eStrait of Gibraltar. Empeleni ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu: kusukela esiqongweni se-Estaca de Bares kuya echwebeni laseMiño (enyakatho yePortugal); kusukela emngceleni oseningizimu yePortugal kuze kufike eStrait of Gibraltar; kanye nogu lwaseCanary Islands.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezintaba zaseSpain nezici zazo.