Yiziphi izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo eMhlabeni?

Izintaba-mlilo ziyizakhiwo ezingakholeki ukuthi ngendlela efanayo ezingakha ngayo amazwekazi wonke noma iziqhingi, zingabhubhisa konke ngovuko olulodwa. Eqinisweni, izazi zezintaba-mlilo zibheke iso le-supervolcano yaseYellowstone, ngoba lapho iqhuma (okuzokwenzeka, kungekudala noma kamuva), impilo eMhlabeni ngeke iphinde ifane.

Naphezu kwengozi, abayeki ukusimangaza. Ziwukubanjwa kusukela esikhathini esedlule, lapho iplanethi yayakhiwa. Izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo zingumbukwane wemvelo othakazelisa kakhulu ukuzibona, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukude. Ungathanda ukwazi ukuthi iziphi ezikhona?

Izintaba-mlilo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo emhlabeni

UBarcena

IBárcena yigama elinikezwe enye yezintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo eMexico. Itholakala esiqhingini iRevillagigedo, amakhilomitha angama-350 eningizimu yeBaja California Sur, eSan Benedicto Island, enye yezinto eziheha izivakashi ezweni.

Ukuqhuma kokuqala okurekhodiwe kwenzeka ngo-Agasti 1, 1952, usuku okwazalwa ngalo intaba-mlilo, kwaxoshwa ikholomu yomlotha eyayingaphezu kwamamitha angu-3000 XNUMX ukuphakama.

eyjafjallajökull

I-Eyjafjallajökull iyi-stratovolcano engamamitha ayi-1666 ukuphakama kwayo okugcwale iqhwa ingxenye enkulu yonyaka. Itholakala eningizimu ye-Iceland, futhi ibisebenza cishe iminyaka eyi-8.000U-2010 kube unyaka wakamuva kakhulu kwaqhuma.

Ephreli 14 kwaxoshwa cishe ama-cubic metres ayizigidi ezingama-250 omlotha wentaba-mlilo, ifinyelela ubude bamakhilomitha ayishumi nanye futhi isakazeka endaweni eyizinkulungwane zamakhilomitha-skwele, okuyiyo aphoqelelwe ukukhansela izindiza ezingaphezu kwezingu-20.000 XNUMX.

Etna

I-Etna (ugu olusempumalanga yeSicily, e-Italy), iyintaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu. Cishe ingu-3,329m ubude, futhi kukholakala ukuthi yaqala isigaba sayo sokuqhuma eminyakeni engu-500.000 edlule. Kuyamangaza, kangangoba i-UNESCO yamemezela njengeNdawo yamaGugu Omhlaba ngoJuni 2013, futhi yaphinde yafakwa phakathi kwezintaba-mlilo eziyishumi neshumi leminyaka yiNhlangano Yezizwe.

Kusukela ngo-1600 AD. Sekube nokuqhuma okungenani okungu-60 okulandelanayo nokungenakubalwa kule ngqungquthela, okwagcina ngo-2008. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-1669 akubanga nankinga enkulu. Lowo nyaka kunalokho, phakathi nezinyanga zikaMashi kuya kuJulayi, ixoshe i-lava engalinganiselwa ku-830.000.000 m3, okwaphoqa ukuba lishiye idolobha laseNicolosi.

Imikhumbi

Intaba-mlilo iGaleras itholakala eColombia futhi inobude obungamamitha angu-4276. Ukuqhuma kwayo kwaqala ukubhalwa ngo-1580, futhi okwakamuva kakhulu ngo-1993. Kuyingozi enkulu, ngoba useduzane nedolobha elinabantu abaningi, iSan Juan de Pasto, enabantu abangama-450.815 (ngo-2017).

Eminyakeni yamuva nje kube nokuqhuma okuningi, okufana nalokho kwangoJuni 7, 2009. Lolo suku kube nokuxoshwa kwekholomu yomlotha cishe amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ukuphakama. Kubikwe ukuqhuma okubili engxenyeni esentshonalanga nentaba-mlilo.

Isiqhingi sase-El Hierro

Intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi esiqhingini sase-El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) yadonsela ukunaka kososayensi ngo-2011 Ngenxa yokuqhuma kwayo, okudale ukuthi ikhiphe impahla yomlingo futhi edale uchungechunge lokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla angaphansi kuka-5 esikalini sikaRichter.

Njengoba amanye amatshe ewa futhi bekulindelwe ukuthi ubukhulu nobuningi bokuzamazama komhlaba kuzokwanda, iziphathimandla zakhipha abantu abangamashumi amahlanu nantathu kusuka emadolobheni ase-El Lunchón, ePie Risco, eLos Corchos, ingxenye yeLas Puntas neGuinea kumasipala waseFrontera.

I-Kilauea

IKilauea (iHawaii) ingenye yezintaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu eHawaii nasemhlabeni. Linganisa cishe amamitha ayi-1247. Kukholakala ukuthi iphakathi kweminyaka engama-300.000 nengama-600.000 ubudala, nokuthi yavela ebusweni bamanzi eminyakeni engaba ngu-100.000 XNUMX edlule.

Ukuqhuma kwamanje kwaqala kancane noma kancane ngo-1970, nge isigaba esibhubhisa kakhulu ngo-1990 lapho ukugeleza kodaka kwagcwala edolobheni eliseduze laseKalapanaNgaleso sikhathi, yayicekele phansi izindlu ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezinyangeni eziyi-100 kuphela.

Intaba iMerapi

IMount Merapi, eyaziwa ngeMount Fire, yintabamlilo etholakala e-Indonesia. Linganisa amamitha angu-2911 XNUMX, futhi ingenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu eMhlabeni. Kusukela ngo-1548 iqhume izikhathi ezingama-69.

Ngo-Okthoba 2010 ukuqhuma kwalo kwabangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla angu-7.7 kanye ne-tsunami eyabulala abantu abangu-272.

Intaba iNyiragongo

INtaba iNyiragongo, etholakala eVirunga National Park eDemocratic Republic of the Congo) ingenye yezindawo ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni. Linganisa amamitha angama-3470 ukuphakama futhi eminyakeni engu-150 edlule ibhalise ukuqhuma okungaphezu kwama-50. Ngokubambisana nentaba-mlilo iNyamuragira, kusolwa ukuthi kubangelwe ukuqhuma okungamaphesenti angama-40 okuqoshwe e-Afrika.

Lapho iqhuma, ikhipha udaka ngokushesha, olungafika emadolobheni aseduze ngokushesha okukhulu, ngejubane lama-60km / h. Ku-2002, abantu abangaba ngu-300.000 XNUMX kwadingeka basuswe.

INtaba iSanta Helena

IMount Santa Helena iyi-stratovolcano engamamitha angu-2550 ukuphakama. Itholakala eSkamania County, esifundazweni saseWashington. Ingenye yezaziwa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, kusukela ngo-May 1980 laqhuma kakhulu kangangokuthi kwaba sengathi amabhomu e-athomu ayi-500 alahlwa eHiroshima.

Futhi, kubangele ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla ayi-5.1 okwenze ukuthi udoti omkhulu kunayo yonke owake waqoshwa eMhlabeni, ngevolumu ephelele yamacube cubic metres azungeze i-3,3 billion.

Vesubio mont

INtaba iVesuvius (e-Italy) ithathwa njengenye yezintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni ngenxa yendawo yayo, njengoba ingamakhilomitha ayi-9 kuphela ukusuka eNaples. Linganisa amamitha ayi-1281 ukuphakama, futhi ngo-79 BC kwaqhuma intaba yamboza amadolobha aseHerculaneum nasePompeii ngomlotha.

Ukube namuhla ibingaphinde iqhume futhi ngendlela efanayo, iningi labantu kuzodingeka lisuswe ngokushesha, nalabo abasalile, babezobona amadwala e-pumice amakhulu kakhulu kangangokuba ikholomu yegesi yayingakwazi ukuwabamba.

sakurajima

ISakurajima ingamamitha ayi-1117 ukuphakama futhi isesiqhingini saseKyüshü (isifunda saseKagoshima, eJapan). NgoJanuwari 11, 1914, isixuku sazamazama komhlaba saxwayisa abantu baseziqhingini, abasuswa. Intaba-mlilo waxosha ikholomu yomlotha eyaphakama yafika kumakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili phezulu. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kwabulala abantu abangama-35. Ngenxa yenani lodaka eyayixosha, yaqina yajoyina i-Peninsula yase -umi.

Yize bekulokhu kucishe ukulala kusukela ngo-1955, inani elikhulu le-magma eliqoqeka ngaphakathi kulo lisikisela lokho maduze uzovuka futhi.

Santa María

Intaba-mlilo iSanta María, eseduze kwedolobha laseQuetzaltenango, entshonalanga yeGuatemala, ingamamitha angu-3772. Yize isesifundeni esinesimo sezulu esishisayo, ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo ingabonakala imbozwe yiqhwa. Ukuqhuma okunodlame kakhulu kwaba okwango-1902, okwabulala abantu abangu-XNUMX XNUMX.

Ngo-Ephreli 18 walowo nyaka, ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kwabhubhisa idolobha laseQuetzatenango, kwathi ngo-Okthoba 24 intaba-mlilo yaxosha cishe i-5,5 km3 yemagma. Ukuqhuma bekukukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba kutholakale umlotha wentaba-mlilo ngisho naseSan Francisco, ngaphezu kwe-4.000km kude.

ulala

Intaba-mlilo i-Ulawun, enamamitha angama-2334 ukuphakama, isesiqhingini saseNew Britain, esiqhingini saseBismarck (ePapua New Guinea), iqophe ukuqhuma okuphelele okungama-18 kusukela ngekhulu le-22, owokuqala wabo wawungo-1700.

Ingabe kukhona izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo eSpain?

Yize eSpain kunezintaba-mlilo eziningana, njengeSanta Margarita (Olot), isigaxa sentaba-mlilo saseCalatrava, noma amadwala entaba-mlilo eCabo de Gata, iziqhingi zaseCanary zisengozini enkulu ngokuba yimvelaphi yentabamlilo. Kukhona intaba-mlilo iTeide (iTenerife) nentaba-mlilo iTeneguia (isiqhingi saseLa Palma), kanye nentaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi eduzane nase-El Hierro njengoba sishilo ngaphambili.

Noma kunjalo, okwamanje ayikho ingozi engako njengoba ikhona eHawaii noma eJapane. I-El Teide yaqhuma okokugcina ngoNovemba 18, 1909, naseTeneguia ngo-1971. Futhi i-El Hierro ayizange idale monakalo.

Uyazi ezinye izintaba-mlilo ezisasebenza njengamanje?