Ngokuvamile, kunezintaba-mlilo ezingaba ngu-20 eziqhuma nganoma yiluphi usuku nganoma isiphi isikhathi emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukhetho olusha aluzona izehlakalo ezingavamile njengoba kubonakala kithi. Njengeziphepho, imibani engaphezu kuka-1000 iyawa ekupheleni kosuku. I izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni Yilabo abaqhuma nobukhulu babo kukhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizogxila ekutsheleni ukuthi yiziphi izici zezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni
Ngokusho kweSmithsonian Global Volcanology Programme, cishe zingu-1356 izintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo emhlabeni wonke, okusho ukuthi izintaba-mlilo ezisaqhuma yilezo eziqhumayo njengamanje, zibonisa izimpawu zokusebenza (njengokuzamazama komhlaba noma ukukhishwa kwegesi enkulu) noma eziye zaba nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo, okungukuthi, eminyakeni eyizi-10.000 XNUMX edlule.
Kukhona zonke izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo, ukuqhuma okungaphezulu noma okuncane, okunamandla okubhubhisa ancike ezintweni eziningi. Kunezintaba-mlilo phansi, kunemigodi embalwa, emanzini, futhi ukwakheka kwe-geological kuhluke kakhulu, kodwa iyiphi intaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni?
Nevados Ojos del Salado Volcano
Itholakala emngceleni weChile ne-Argentina, iNevados Ojos del Salado iyintaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa iphakama ngamamitha angu-2.000 kuphela ngaphezu kwesisekelo sayo. Iphakama ifike ku-6.879 amamitha ngase-Andes.
Umsebenzi wayo wokugcina oqoshiwe wawungomhla ziyi-14 kuNovemba, 1993, lapho ikholomu empunga eqhubekayo yomusi wamanzi kanye negesi ye-solphataric yabonwa amahora amathathu. Ngomhlaka-16 Novemba, izingqapheli zakwa-Agricultural Livestock Service kanye neSiteshi Samaphoyisa Sesifunda saseMaricunga, esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-30 ukusuka endaweni yentaba-mlilo, babona izinsika ezifanayo kodwa ezingaqinile kangako.
Intaba-mlilo yaseMauna Loa
Isiqongo sentabamlilo yesihlangu i-Mauna Loa ingamamitha angu-2.700 ngaphansi kwe-Ojos del Salado e-Nevada., kodwa iphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kune-Andes ngenxa yokuthi iphakama cishe amakhilomitha angu-10 ukusuka olwandle. Ngale ndlela, abaningi bayibheka njengentaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Isiqongo sayo sisikwa yi-Mokuaweo crater, i-crater endala futhi enkulu kunazo zonke engu-9 x 6 km.
Akuyona nje intaba-mlilo ethathwa njengenkulu kodwa futhi iphakeme. Nakuba zikhona ezinye izintaba-mlilo nazo eziyingxenye yalolu xhaxha lwezintaba-mlilo ezikhona ezizungeze iziQhingi zaseHawaii, lena enye yezinkulu kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kolwandle inokuphakama okungamamitha angama-4170. Lezi zilinganiso kanye nendawo nobubanzi zenza isamba esiphelele esingaba ama-cubic kilometers angaba ngu-80.000. Ngalesi sizathu, iyintaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni ngokobubanzi nomthamo.
Idume ngokuba yintabamlilo yohlobo lwehawu enezici ezihlukile. Inokugeleza okuphezulu okuqhubekayo obekuvela ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo yasendulo. Kuyintaba-mlilo ethathwa njengenye yezindawo ezisebenza kakhulu eMhlabeni. Kusukela yabunjwa, iye yaba nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo cishe okuqhubekayo, nakuba ingenawo amandla kakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo yakhiwe ngabade futhi inesisekelo salowo msebenzi kanye nokusondela kwayo kubantu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ifakiwe kuphrojekthi ye-Volcanos of the Decade, okuyenza ibe isihloko socwaningo oluqhubekayo. Ngenxa yalolu phenyo, luningi ulwazi ngakho.
Etna
IMount Etna, eseCatania, okuyidolobha lesibili ngobukhulu eSicily, e-Italy, iyintaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke ezwekazini laseYurophu. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-3.357, futhi ngokusho kwe-Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), ukuqhuma okulandelanayo eminyakeni yamuva nje kukhuphule inani eliphakeme lamamitha angama-33 ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ngemva kokuma kwezinsuku ezingu-20, iNtaba i-Etna yaphinde yaqhuma ngoLwesibili, ngo-September 21. Le ntaba-mlilo iqhutshwa yi-Smithsonian's Global Volcanology Programme, okungenye yezintaba-mlilo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ezaziwa ngomsebenzi wayo wentaba-mlilo njalo, ukuqhuma okukhulu okuningana, kanye nenani elikhulu lodaka oluvame ukuyikhafula.
Ekuphakameni okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3.300, Yintaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke futhi ebanzi kunazo zonke ezwekazini laseYurophu, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke endaweni yaseMedithera. kanye nentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Italy eningizimu ye-Alps. Ibheke uLwandle i-Ionian empumalanga, uMfula uSimito entshonalanga naseningizimu, kanye nomfula i-Alcantara enyakatho.
Intaba-mlilo ihlanganisa indawo engaba amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1.600, inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angama-35 ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, umjikelezo ongamakhilomitha angama-200, nomthamo ongamakhilomitha-skwele angama-500.
Kusukela ogwini lolwandle kuya esiqongweni sentaba, indawo kanye noshintsho lwendawo yokuhlala kuyamangalisa, kanye nezimangaliso zalo ezicebile zemvelo. Konke lokhu kwenza le ndawo ihluke kubahambi, abathwebuli bezithombe, izazi zemvelo, izazi zentaba-mlilo, inkululeko engokomoya kanye nabathandi bemvelo bomhlaba nepharadesi. I-Eastern Sicily ibonisa inhlobonhlobo yezindawo, kodwa ngokombono we-geological, iphinde inikeze ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo.
Izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni: ama-supervolcano
I-supervolcano iwuhlobo lwentaba-mlilo enegumbi le-magma elikhulu ngokuphindwe kayinkulungwane kunentaba-mlilo evamile, ngakho-ke, ingakhiqiza ukuqhuma okukhulu nokubhubhisa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngokungafani nezintaba-mlilo ezivamile, ngokusobala azizona izintaba, kodwa ama-magma deposits angaphansi komhlaba, anokucindezeleka okukhulu okumise okwe-crater kubonakala phezulu.
Kube khona ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okungaba ngamashumi amahlanu emlandweni weplanethi yethu, okuthinta izindawo ezinkulu zezwe. Kwaba njalo ngeNtaba iTuba, eyaqhuma eSumatra eminyakeni engu-74.000 XNUMX edlule. ikhipha i-lava engu-2.800 cubic kilometers. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona esokugcina, njengoba esakamuva senzeka eNew Zealand eminyakeni eyi-26,000 edlule.
Mhlawumbe enye yezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu yi-Yellowstone supervolcano, e-United States, umgodi wayo owakhiwa eminyakeni engu-640.000 XNUMX edlule ubangela amakholomu omlotha afinyelela ku-30.000 amamitha ukuphakama amboze iGulf of Mexico ngothuli.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nezici zazo.