Izinsimbi zezulu nomsebenzi wazo

Uma unentshisekelo nge-meteorology, ngokuqinisekile ucabanga ukuthola enye yezinsimbi eziningi zezulu ezikhona noma Isiteshi Sezulu, iqiniso? Kunamamodeli amaningi, kepha kukhona amanye aphelele kakhulu kunamanye, ngokuya ngaphezu kwakho konke ngentengo yawo. Eqinisweni, okubiza kakhulu yilawo angalinganisa okuguquguqukayo kwesimo sezulu futhi, ngakho-ke, afanele kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukwazi ngokujulile isimo sezulu esikhona endaweni yabo, kuyilapho eshibhe kakhulu senzelwe labo abavumelana. ngokwazi izinga lokushisa elirekhodwe emini futhi mhlawumbe ngokwazi umswakama oqondile.

Kuya ngokuthi uzoyisebenzisela ini, kuzothakazelisa ukwazi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinsimbi zezulu ezikhona nokuthi yimuphi umsebenzi wazo ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba lula kakhulu kuwe ukuthi ukhethe imodeli efaneleke kakhulu kuwe.

I-thermometer, enye yezinsimbi zesimo sezulu esinazo sonke 

Uma kufanele sikhethe enye yezinsimbi zezulu ngokwenza kahle, sonke sizothatha i-thermometer. Iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba ngenxa yalo singazi yiliphi izinga lokushisa elirekhodwayo lapho silibuka. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ezinye ezikala kuphela izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (phakathi kuka -31'5ºC kanye no-51'5ºC) kanye nezinye ezikala ubuncane (phakathi kuka -44'5ºC no-40'5ºC), yize okuvame kakhulu ukuthi bobabili babonakala esikrinini esifanayo esiteshini.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-thermometer: igesi, ukumelana, imitholampilo… kepha ama-mercury nedijithali asetshenziswa ku-meteorology.

I-thermometer ye-Mercury

Kuyishubhu yengilazi evaliwe ene-mercury ngaphakathi. Umthamo wayo uyashintsha njengoba nokushisa kushintsha. Le nsimbi yasungulwa nguGabriel Fahrenheit ngo-1714.

I-digital thermometer

Esesimanjemanje kakhulu. Basebenzisa amadivayisi we-transducer (njenge-mercury) asetshenziswa amasekethe kagesi ukuguqula ukuhlukahluka kwamandla amancane okutholwe ezinombolweni. Ngale ndlela, izinga lokushisa elirekhodiwe lizovela kwisibonisi.

Igeji yemvula yesimo sezulu

Lezi zinsimbi zesimo sezulu ilinganisa inani lamanzi eliwele endaweni lapho libekwe khona. Imilimitha ngayinye imele ilitha elilodwa, futhi ngezinsuku lapho imvula ingayeki ukuna, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uyihlole njalo ngama-4-6h (kuya ngobukhulu bayo namandla wegeji yethu yemvula) ukuze irekhodi linembe kangako kungenzeka.

Izinhlobo zezilinganiso zemvula zezulu

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezilinganiso zemvula zezulu: imanuwali namathotho.

• Manual: yizona ezishibhile. Zimane nje zisiqukathi se-cylindrical esenziwe ngepulasitiki ngokujwayelekile siluhlaza ngombala ngesikali esiphothuliwe esilinganiswa ngamamilimitha.
• Amathotho: ukulinganisa izilinganiso zemvula zezulu kuthuthukisa ukunemba, njengoba zakhiwa ngofanele futhi opharetha oqopha amanzi awayo njalo emahoreni ayi-12.

I-Hygrometer

I-hygrometer izosiza kakhulu ukwazi iphesenti lomswakama ohlobene emoyeni yini endaweni yangakithi. Imiphumela ivezwe phakathi kuka-0 no-100%. Leli nani limelela iphesenti lenani lomhwamuko wamanzi okhona emoyeni.

Izinhlobo zama-hygrometer

Lezi zinsimbi zesimo sezulu zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi ziyi-analog noma yidijithali.

• I-Analog: ivelela ngokunemba okukhulu, ngoba babona ushintsho kumswakama emvelweni cishe ngokushesha. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kufanele uzilinganise, ngakho-ke abavamisile ukuthengisa kakhulu.
• digital: izinombolo zamanani nazo zinembile, yize zincane kancane. Azidingi sondlo, futhi zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuthenga.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Konke odinga ukukwazi ngama-hygrometer

I-Barometer

I-barometer yinye leyo ulinganisa isisindo somoya ngaphezu koqweqwe lomhlaba, eyaziwa ngegama lengcindezi yasemkhathini. Owokuqala wasungulwa ngusosayensi uTorricelli ngo-1643 ngemuva kokwenza isivivinyo esilula:

Into yokuqala ayenza ukugcwalisa ishubhu lengilazi nge-mercury ebelivaliwe ngakolunye uhlangothi, waliguqula ebhakedeni elaligcwele ne-mercury. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ikholomu ye-mercury yehle ngamasentimitha ambalwa, imi ngxi cishe ngo-76cm (760mm) ubude. Ngakho-ke kwavela i-millimeter ye-mercury noma i-mmHg.

Kepha kukhona okunye okunye: ingcindezi ejwayelekile yomkhathi olwandle ngu-760mmHg, ngakho-ke ungaba nale datha eyisithenjwa ukwazi ukuthi isimo sezulu sizoba sihle noma cha. Kanjani? Kulula kakhulu. Uma lehla kakhulu uzokwazi ukuthi isiphepho sisondela; Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma sikhuphuka kancane, ungagcina isambulela sigcinwe ezinye izinsuku ezimbalwa.

I-Anemometer

Ngenxa yalezi zinsimbi zesimo sezulu singazi ukuthi isivinini somoya. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi ezibizwa ngamawindlass. Balinganisa ijubane nge-km / h.

Lapho umoya 'ushaya' iphini elincane, liyajika. Ukuphenduka okunikezayo kufundwa yikhawunta noma kuqoshwe esiqeshini sephepha uma kuyi-anemograph.

I-Heliograph

I-heliograph ingenye yezinsimbi zezulu ukuthi kusivumela ukuthi silinganise isikhathi se-insolation. Kufanele ilungiswe ngokuya ngobubanzi bezindawo nangokwesikhathi sonyaka okuso, ngoba ilanga liyahluka ngokuphakama njengoba unyaka udlula.

Eyaziwa kakhulu yiCampbell-Stokes heliograph, equkethe umgudu wengilazi oziphatha njengelensi eguqukayo. Lapho imisebe yelanga idlula, irejista yamakhadi 'ishisiwe' futhi singazi amahora okukhanya kwelanga abekhona ngalolo suku.

I-Nivometer

I-nivometer isetshenziselwe linganisa inani leqhwa eliwele ngesikhathi esithile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-laser, okumele ishayelwe emhlabathini ukuze irekhode, ne-acoustic, okuthi, ngenxa yesamukeli se-ultrasonic wave transmitter, esingadingi ukuxhumana neqhwa.

Ngokuvamile, uma kubiza kakhulu isiteshi sezulu, kuzoba banzi kakhulu. Kuya ngokusetshenziswa kwakho ofuna ukukunikeza, kungahle kungadingeki ukuthi usebenzise imali eningi ngoba mhlawumbe ngemali eshibhile uzohlala kuyo. Futhi, kunalokho, uma wazi ukuthi uzofuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, unganqikazi ukuyothenga eyodwa, engahle ibe nenani eliphakeme kakhulu, kepha ngokuqinisekile ungayijabulela kakhulu.