Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo

izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ezikhona

Siyazi ukuthi izintaba-mlilo ziyizakhiwo ze-geological ezixosha i-magma evela ngaphakathi komhlaba. I-Magma ayiyona into engaphezu kwenqwaba yetshe elincibilikisiwe elivela emgqeni woMhlaba. Uma i-magma ifika phezulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-lava. Baningi izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokwesimo sabo kanye nohlobo lokuqubuka abanalo.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintaba-mlilo ezikhona nokuthi yiziphi ukuqhuma kwazo.

Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho komsebenzi wazo

izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo

Lezi yizinhlobo eziyinhloko zezintaba-mlilo ngokohlobo lwazo lomsebenzi:

  • I-volcano esebenzayo. Yilezo zintaba-mlilo ezingasebenzi futhi ezingaqhuma noma nini. Lokhu kwenzeka ezintaba-mlilo eziningi, kodwa njengezibonelo, singabala intaba-mlilo iCumbre Vieja eLa Palma, eSpain (manje eqhumayo), intaba-mlilo i-Etna eSicily, e-Italy (eqhumayo njengamanje) kanye nentaba-mlilo iFuego eGuatemala (eqhumayo njengamanje) kanye I-volcano yase-Irazu eCosta Rica.
  • Intabamlilo engasebenzi. Zibizwa nangokuthi abantu abalalayo, futhi ziyizintaba-mlilo ezigcina umsebenzi omncane. Naphezu komsebenzi wayo ophansi, iyaqhuma ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma kungabikho ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo amakhulu eminyaka, le ntaba-mlilo ibhekwa njengethule. Intaba-mlilo iTeide eCanary Islands of Spain kanye ne-Yellowstone super volcano e-United States ziyizibonelo zezintaba-mlilo ezithule. Kodwa-ke, zombili izibonelo zibonise ukunyakaza eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokuzamazama komhlaba okuncane endaweni yabo, okubonisa ukuthi "basaphila" futhi bangase basebenze ngesikhathi esithile, abasekho noma baxoshwa.
  • Intabamlilo engasekho. Ziyintaba-mlilo yokugcina ukuqhuma, eyaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-25.000. Kunoma yikuphi, abacwaningi abakhiphi ukuthi bangaphinde bavele ngesikhathi esithile. Le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi intaba-mlilo ukunyakaza kwayo kwe-tectonic kususwa emthonjeni wayo we-magma. Intabamlilo eyi-Diamond Head eHawaii iyisibonelo sentaba-mlilo engasekho.

Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho kokuqhuma kwazo

ngaphakathi kwentabamlilo

Lezi yizinhlobo ezahlukene zezintaba-mlilo ezikhona ngokusho kokuqhuma kwazo:

  • Izintaba-mlilo zaseHawaii. Udaka oluvela kulezi zintaba-mlilo luwuketshezi futhi alukhiphi gesi noma lubangele ukuqhuma ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kuthule. Iningi lezintaba-mlilo zaseHawaii zinalezi zinhlobo zokuqhuma, yingakho igama. Ngokukhethekile, singabala intaba-mlilo yaseHawaii ebizwa ngokuthi i-Mauna Loa.
  • I-volcano yaseStrombolian. Ngokungafani nentaba-mlilo esanda kuchazwa, intaba-mlilo yaseStrombolian ibonisa udaka oluncane olugelezayo lwe-viscous, olunokuqhuma okuhlanganisa nokuqhuma okuqhubekayo. Eqinisweni, udaka lucwebezela njengoba lukhuphula ipayipi, bese umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo wehlisa ijubane ukuze ukhiphe amabhola entaba-mlilo ahlanganiswe kancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-volcanic projectiles. Igama lale ntaba-mlilo libhekisela entabamlilo iStrombolian e-Italy, eqhuma ngendlela enesigqi njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10.
  • Izintaba-mlilo zaseVulcan. Kulokhu, kungukuqhuma okunamandla kakhulu okungacekela phansi intaba-mlilo ezikuyo. I-lava ibonakala ngokuba ne-viscous kakhulu futhi iqukethe igesi eningi. Ngokwesibonelo, singabala intaba-mlilo iVulcan e-Italy, okubangelwa ukuqhuma kwayo le ntaba-mlilo.
  • I-volcano yasePlilian. Lezi zintaba-mlilo zine-lava ebukeka kakhulu, eqinisa ngokushesha futhi yakhe ipulaki ku-crater. Ingcindezi enkulu ekhiqizwa igesi yangaphakathi ibangela ukuvuleka kwemifantu, ngezinye izikhathi ikhiphe ipulaki ngobudlova. Ngokwesibonelo, singabala intaba-mlilo iBailey Mountain eMartinique, okususelwa kuyo igama lale ntaba-mlilo.
  • I-volcano ye-Hydromagmatic. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kubangelwa ukusebenzisana kwe-magma namanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi angaphezulu. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso se-magma / samanzi, kungakhishwa umusi omningi. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo luvamile ezintaba-mlilo esifundeni saseCampo de Calatrava eSpain.
  • I-volcano yase-Icelandic. Kulolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo, udaka lugeleza futhi ukuqhuma kukhishwe umfantu emhlabathini, hhayi umgodi. Kwazalwa kanjalo ithafa elikhulu lodaka lodaka. Eziningi zalezi zintaba-mlilo zise-Iceland, yingakho zathola igama lazo. Isibonelo esiqondile intabamlilo iKrafla e-Iceland.
  • Umkhumbi-ngwenya wentabamlilo. Nakuba kumangalisa, kukhona nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo phansi olwandle. Yiqiniso, ukuqhuma kolwandle ngokuvamile akuhlali isikhathi esifushane. Kwezinye izimo, udaka oluchithiwe lungafinyelela phezulu futhi lwakhe iziqhingi ezinentaba-mlilo njengoba luphola.

Izinhlobo zokuqhuma

ukuxoshwa kwe-magma

Ake sigxile kancane ohlotsheni lokuqhuma intaba-mlilo ngayinye enakho. Kuncike kumongo wokuqeqeshwa nentuthuko. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuqhuma ezikhona:

  • Isi-Hawaiian: Intaba-mlilo ikhipha udaka lwentaba-mlilo olubonakala kancane, oluwuketshezi ngoba alunayo into eningi ye-pyroclastic (ingxube eshisayo yegesi, umlotha, nezicucu zamadwala. Igesi ikhishwa kancane kancane, ngakho ukuqhuma kuncane.
  • I-Strombolian: izintaba-mlilo zikhipha impahla ye-pyroclastic. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile futhi intaba-mlilo ayiqhubeki nokukhipha udaka.
  • IsiVulcanian: Intaba-mlilo ikhipha udaka lwentaba-mlilo ebukekayo kakhulu enoketshezi oluncane futhi iqina ngokushesha okukhulu. Ifu elikhulu lamafomu ezinto ze-pyroclastic kanye nenani elikhulu lomlotha likhishwa. Zibonakala ngokuqhuma ngendlela yamafu afana namakhowe noma isikhunta. Imisebenzi ngokuvamile iqala ngokuqhuma kwe-diving okukhipha imfucumfucu. Isimo esiyinhloko ngokuvamile sihlanganisa ukuqhuma kwe-viscous magma, ecebile ngegesi yentaba-mlilo futhi yakhe amafu amnyama.
  • Pliniana noma Vesuviana: Intaba-mlilo iqhuma udaka lwentaba-mlilo lubonakale kakhulu futhi lunodlame. Ibonakala ngamandla ayo angavamile, ukuqhuma kwegesi okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphuma komlotha omningi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuqhuma kwe-magma kubangela ukuba phezulu kwentaba-mlilo kudilike futhi kudale i-crater. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yasePrinia, umlotha omuhle ungasakazeka ezindaweni ezinkulu. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yasePliny kuqanjwe ngesazi semvelo esidumile esingumRoma uPliny Omdala, owashona ekuqhumeni kweNtaba iVesuvius ngo-AD 79.
  • Brawler: Le ntaba-mlilo yethiwa ngokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo iPelee eMartinique ngo-1902, eyabulala izinkulungwane zabantu. Udaka lwaqina ngokushesha futhi lwakha ipulaki ku-crater. Njengoba igesi ingekho, kuzokwenziwa ingcindezi enkulu ngaphakathi kwentaba-mlilo, ngakho udonga lwentaba-mlilo luqala ukonakala futhi udaka luphuma ezinhlangothini zombili zodonga.
  • I-Hydro-volcanic: Ziyiziqhumane ezikhiqizwa ukusebenzisana kwe-magma namanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi angaphezulu. “Ziwuketshezi: zilingana nokuqhuma kwe-strombolian, nakuba ziqhuma kakhulu.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintaba-mlilo nokuqhuma kwazo.


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Shiya umbono wakho

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.