Inkungu iwuhlobo lwesimo sezulu esiqhamuka ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophakeme kakhulu. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwamafu esiwabona esibhakabhakeni kanye nenkungu ukuthi kwenzeka endaweni ephansi. Kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo zenkungu ngokuvumelana nokwakheka nezici zabo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zenkungu ekhona, ukuthi yiziphi izici nokwakheka kwazo.
ubukhona benkungu
Ukubonakala kwenkungu endaweni ethile nesikhathi kubonisa ukuthi umhwamuko okhona emoyeni usufinyelele esimweni sokugcwala. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwamafu kanye inkungu esiyibona ekuphakameni okuthile esibhakabhakeni ukuthi yakamuva isezingeni lomhlaba (indaba ekhethekile yamafu ohlobo lwe-Stratus). Kuzo zombili izimo, sine-hydrometeor, equkethe ukumiswa kwamaconsi amanzi amancane, ngokuvamile amancane. Ngobuchwepheshe, lapho ukubonakala okuvundlile kungaphansi kwekhilomitha, sikhuluma ngenkungu.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimo lapho inkungu ingadalwa khona, kodwa zonke zehlela ezindleleni ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwakheka: ukupholisa kanye nokuhwamuka. Esimweni sokuqala, lapho izinga lokushisa liwela endaweni yamazolo, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kusuka kugesi kuya kuketshezi kwenzeka futhi amaconsi enkungu aqala ukwakheka, ngezindleko zokufingqa komhwamuko wamanzi endaweni ezungezile. Inkungu ekhipha imisebe noma inkungu ye-irradiance kanye ne-advection inkungu kokubili kuyinkungu epholile, nakuba zonke zinokuhluka kwazo futhi zakha ezindaweni ezihlukene.
Izinhlobo zenkungu
Inkungu evamile yakheka ezigodini nasezithafeni ezimaphakathi nenhlonhlo, okungcono kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, iyinkungu ekhazimulayo. Ukupholisa ebusuku eduze nomhlabathi, lapho umoya uzolile endaweni ezinzile, kubangela lezi zinkungu ukuthi zakhe amabhange abanzi, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo ikakhulukazi (ngaphambilini ezazigcwele umswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi noma aphansi kakhulu, 0 kuya ku-5 ºC) isikhathi eside ikakhulukazi. Lawa mafu amile, ngokungafani nenkungu ye-advection, edalwa lapho inani elikhulu lomoya ofudumele, omanzi lishelela phezu kolwandle olubandayo noma emhlabathini. Kulokhu, ziyinkungu evamile yasogwini engalandeli umjikelezo wobusuku bobusuku futhi ingaqhuma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka nanoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Izindlela zokuhwamuka nazo zidala inkungu yasolwandle, njengenkungu eningi ekhangayo, kodwa kulokhu kuvela inkungu lapho umhwamuko ovela endaweni efudumele yolwandle uhlangana nomoya opholile ngaphezu kwawo. Le nkungu ijwayelekile olwandle olushisayo futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "intuthu ye-arctic". ukuhwamuka futhi kuyinqubo eyinhloko ekwakhekeni kwezinye inkungu engaphambili. Ngezinye izikhathi izindawo ezifudumele ziyaconsa futhi, ngamagama alula, kuvamile ukuhlonza zombili lezi zenzakalo, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa phakathi kokuconsa, amathonsi emvula amancane kakhulu kanye nenkungu.
Eqinisweni, awukho umehluko omningi phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama- meteor (i-drizzle nenkungu) njengoba amathonsi emvula ethu makhudlwana kunokuvamile ekugcineni. Ngaphansi kwamagama ezinkungu ezikhalayo, ama-meona noma ama-chorreras, lezo zinkungu ezinomswakama futhi ezingaphansi kwemvula encane ziyaziwa.
Amagama aqanjwe ezindaweni ezahlukene
Kukhona inqwaba -mhlawumbe ikhulu- e-Spain esetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kusifunda senkungu noma inkungu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona okuhlukile kwaleli pheya lamagama, njengokuthi i-nebra, i-niebria, i-nebría, i-niubrina noma iguqubele. Amagama afana ne-borrina, borrín noma i-burriana asetshenziselwa izwe lase-Asturian. Siphinde sithole igama lokugcina elinefomu le-gurriana, kanye nokwehlukile kwe-Cantabrian (guarrina), lapho ukuconsa okuxutshwe nenkungu kubonakala khona.
Phakathi kwamagama ayinqaba enkungu, ngakolunye uhlangothi sine- taró (noma i- tarol). Badabuka eFenike, eCosta del Sol naseCampo de Gibraltar, babiza le phethini ngokuthi yinkungu yasolwandle ephikelelayo eyakha ikakhulukazi ehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla ezungeze iStrait of Gibraltar, ngezinye izikhathi isakazeka oLwandle Lwase-Alberan. , ngenxa yokuza kwamachweba e-Afrika. Imimoya eyomile evela eningizimu, ekwazile ukuhwamulisa amanzi amaningi olwandle. Imikhumbi enqamula i-strait kufanele ibe nezimpawu ezizwakalayo ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana okungase kube khona.
Elinye igama elisebunyeni elithi dorondón. Bayisebenzisa e-Aragon ukubhekisela ku-a inkungu ewugqinsi futhi ebandayo, ebanda ezimweni eziningi. Lokhu kwakamuva kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-0 ºC. (indawo ebanda amanzi), lapho amaconsi akha i-fog supercool (esimeni soguquko esibizwa ngokuthi i-subfusion), ngakho lapho eshaya noma yini, njengezigxobo, uthango, izihlahla noma izihlahla aqhwanda ngokushesha, enze ungqimba lweqhwa. , futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi iqhwa. Umphumela uba indawo emhlophe ekhumbuza iqhwa, noma indawo ebangela isithwathwa esinamandla.
Siqeda ukubuyekezwa kwethu okufushane kwegama lenkungu namanye amagama, njenge-macazón, esetshenziswa ngaphakathi eCantabria ukubhekisela enkunguni ephansi, evaliwe, kodwa ethatha ingxenye encane kuphela (umtapo wezincwadi wenkungu), i-boira, i-boirón ethuthukisiwe ( Isifunda saseSerrablo, e-Alto Aragón) kanye ne-boirina yakhe encane, eCatalonia, basebenzise ukukhomba inkungu, futhi ekugcineni i-bufo noma i-bufa, ethathela igama layo ezintabeni eziphansi zenkungu ekhuphuka esigodini, eshayelwa umoya wasemini.
Ezinye izinhlobo zenkungu
Inkungu ye-Advection
Inkungu eyenzeka lapho umoya omanzi udlula endaweni epholile iyinkungu ye-advection. Amazinga okushisa aphansi aholela emazingeni okushisa aphansi ezixukwini zomoya oswakeme. Lokhu kwandisa umswakama wayo futhi kubangela ukuba umhwamuko wamanzi osemoyeni uminyene.
inkungu yokuhwamuka
Inkungu ehwamukayo, noma inkungu ebandayo, yenziwa ngokuhamba komoya opholile, ozinzile phezu kwamanzi afudumele kakhulu. Njengoba amanye amanzi ashisayo ehwamuka, umoya obandayo ongenhla uyagcwala futhi umhwamuko ujiye ube umoya obandayo. Lokhu kudala lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi inkungu yomusi, ulwandle lwentuthu noma intuthu yolwandle lwase-arctic.
inkungu yentaba
Olunye uhlobo lwenkungu yinkungu yezintaba, ngoba isisekelo sefu siphansi kunesiqongo sentaba.
inkungu yangaphambili
Kuvela inkungu ngaphambili lapho imvula iphuma emoyeni ofudumele futhi iwela emoyeni obandayo, ozinzile. Uma umoya ulula, ukuhwamuka kwamathonsi emvula kungagcwalisa umoya eduze nomhlabathi, kudale inkungu.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenkungu nezici zazo.