Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezintaba-mlilo ngokuya ngemvelaphi yazo, i-morphology nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqhuma. Ukuqhuma kuncike kubukhulu nokuma kwentaba-mlilo kanye nasengxenyeni ekhona phakathi kwezinhlobo zamagesi, uketshezi nokuqina okukhishwa ngaphakathi. Uhlobo ngalunye lokuqhuma lunemiphumela ehlukene ekuguqulweni kwemvelo ezungezile nakubantu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokuchazela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqhuma, izici zazo eziyinhloko kanye nemiphumela yazo.
Yini ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo
Uma sikhuluma ngokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, sibhekisa kuzo zonke izinto eziphuma phezulu kwentaba-mlilo. Intaba-mlilo iqukethe ikamelo lomlingo lapho udaka nazo zonke izinto ezishisayo ziqongelela khona. Lezi zinto zivela engutsheni yomhlaba, bese zona zivela engxenyeni yomhlaba. Ngokuya nge-morphology yegumbi le-magmatic, izinto ezithile ziyaqoqeka ezizodedela kamuva elinye noma elinye igesi. Leli gumbi litholakala ekujuleni komhlaba.
Lapho kwenzeka khona ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ukuhlala. Umgodi wentaba-mlilo ukuvulwa kwengxenye ephakeme kakhulu futhi uvamise ukwakheka njengofeleba. Izinto zokwakha nodaka ezigcinwe ekamelweni le-magma zihanjiswa emgodini ngokusebenzisa umsele obizwa ngokuthi ushimula.
Ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kungukuxoshwa kwazo zonke lezi zinto eziqoqiwe egumbini lomlingo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqhuma ngokuya nge-morphology ye-volcano nezinto zokwakha kanye namagesi anqwabelene. Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kunzima ukuwubikezela. Kunezici eziningi okuyizinto ezinquma ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Imvamisa zonke izintaba-mlilo zinezikhathi zomsebenzi wokungasebenzi.
Abanye bahlala unomphela ngomsebenzi olinganiselayo okwehlisa imithelela engemihle kuzinto eziseduze nasezingozini zabantu. Lezo zintaba-mlilo ezingasebenzi amakhulu eminyaka futhi eziqhuma ekuqhumeni okukhulu kakhulu kwentaba-mlilo yizo ezingaletha izingozi kakhulu kubantu abahlala ezigodini ezizungeze intaba-mlilo.
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuqhuma ngokuya ngamagesi, uketshezi nokuqina abakunikezayo, kanye nokuma nobungako bentaba-mlilo.
Izinhlobo zokuqhuma
Ukuqhuma kweHawaii
Lokhu kuqhuma kunesici sayo esiyinhloko se-fluid magma enokwakheka okuyisisekelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi udaka ikakhulukazi lwakhiwe indawo ephakeme. Lezi zintaba-mlilo zijwayelekile eziqhingini zasolwandle ezinjengeziqhingi zaseHawaii. Ukuqhuma kweHawaii kunezibungu eziwuketshezi kakhulu futhi akukhiphi amagesi emkhathini. Lokhu kwenza kungabi yingozi enkulu noma ukuqhuma kweziqhumane.
Ukuze kubonakale ukuqhuma kohlobo lwaseHawaii, intaba-mlilo kufanele ibe nomumo wesihlangu nomthambeka ophansi. Izinga lokukhuphuka komdanso kusuka ekamelweni le-magma liyashesha ngandlela thile, futhi ama-runoffs avela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ingozi yalezi zintaba-mlilo ilele ekutheni lavas, njengoba ewuketshezi oluningi, akwazi ukuhamba amabanga angafika ngisho kwamakhilomitha. Endleleni elihamba kuyo, ziyakwazi ukubasa imililo nokucekela phansi ingqalasizinda edlula kuyo.
Ukuqhuma kweStrombolian
Lokhu kuqhuma kune-magma yokwakheka okufanayo nokwangaphambilini. Ngamanye amagama, imvelo yayo iyi-basaltic futhi ineqhwa elinamanzi kakhulu. Ngokungafani nokuqhuma kwangaphambilini, i-magma inyuka kancane kakhulu futhi ixubene namanye amagwebu egesi akwazi ukukhuphuka aze afike kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama. Ngokungafani nokuqhuma kweHawaii, lokhu kuqhuma kufaka ukuqhuma okuvela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Yize zingavelisi amakholomu adlulisayo, ama-pyroclast adubula echaza ama-trajector e-ballistic futhi agcina esatshalaliswa kuyo yonke imvelo ngamakhilomitha ambalwa azungeze umgodi. Lokhu kuqhuma akunalo udlame, ngakho-ke akunangozi neze. Bayakwazi ukudala izigaxa zelava.
Ukuqhuma kweVulcan
Siqhubekela kolunye lwezinhlobo zokuqhuma esivele sineziqhumane eziphakathi. Umsuka walokhu kuqhuma kwenzeka lapho kutholakala imijikelezo yentaba-mlilo evinjelwe yiqhwa. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngezikhathi zemizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni. Zivame ezintabeni-mlilo ezikhipha i-magma enokwakheka okuphakathi phakathi kwe-asidi nokuyisisekelo.
Amakholomu aweqi kumakhilomitha ayi-10 ukuphakama futhi ukuqhuma kubhekwa njengokuyingozi kancane.
Ukuqhuma kwe-Plinian
Ingenye yezinhlobo zokuqhuma okucebe kakhulu ngegesi. Lawa magesi ancibilika ne-magma futhi abangele ukuhlukaniswa kwawo kube ama-pyroclast ahlukahlukene. Ama-pyroclast enziwe ngepumice nomlotha. Kukho konke lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo kunezelwa isivinini esikhulu sokukhuphuka ngoshimula nokuqhuma okulandelayo. Ukuqhuma kuvame ukuzinza kakhulu kuvolumu nangejubane. IMagmas ivame ukuba ne-viscosity ephezulu nokwakheka okuyisiliceous.
Ingcuphe yabo iphezulu impela ngoba amakholomu aqhumile amise okwamakhowe futhi abangele ukuthi bafinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme ezifika ku-stratosphere. Kulapha lapho kunezimvula ezinkulu zomlotha, ezithinta indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziningana.
Ukuqhuma kweSurtseyan
Yizona eziqhuma kakhulu lapho i-magma ihlangana khona nenani elikhulu lamanzi olwandle. Ukuqhuma kuqondile futhi ngenxa yokuthintana nodaka olunamanzi olwandle, amafu amakhulu omphunga wamanzi akhiqizwa ngombala omhlophe oxutshwe namafu amnyama aqhamuka kuma-pyroclast asaltic.
Ukuqhuma kwe-Hydrovolcanic
Yilezo zinhlobo zokuqhuma lapho kukhona ukungenelela kwamanzi. I-Lava ivamise ukuxubana namanzi angqimba lwe-phreatic futhi ibanga ukwanda kwe-magma ngoshimula lwentaba-mlilo. Ukuqhuma kuphansi u-A futhi kukhiqizwa edwaleni ngenhla komthombo wokushisa onamandla. Imvamisa bakhiqiza ukuhlambalaza namanye ama-sludge run.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kuye ngohlobo lwentaba-mlilo, ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwazo kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngalo.