Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka lapho uqweqwe lomhlaba lushintsha futhi lukhipha amandla ngendlela yamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba avela ngaphakathi kweplanethi. Izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuzamazama komhlaba yi-hypocenter kanye ne-epicenter. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngemvelaphi yakho, noma ngabe kungokwemvelo noma kubangelwa umsebenzi womuntu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ziyini izingxenye zokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuthi iqala kanjani kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuzamazama komhlaba ezikhona.
Izici zokuzamazama komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kungahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ekuhlukaniseni kwakho, okucabangela izici eziningana.
- Origen
- Ubukhulu
- Qalisa
Nokho, ngayinye yalezi zenzakalo ibonakala ngemvelo yayo edlulayo, okungukuthi, yona Zihlala isikhathi esifushane kuphela, ukusuka kumasekhondi ambalwa kuye, kwesinye isikhathi, imizuzu embalwa. Ukuze uqonde wonke lo mcimbi, kuyadingeka ukuqonda imiqondo ethile eyisisekelo.
Phakathi kwezingxenye zokuzamazama komhlaba sine-hypocenter kanye ne-epicenter.. I-hypocenter yokuzamazama komhlaba, eyaziwa nangokuthi isizinda sakhona, ihlukaniswa ne-epicenter, ebhekisela nje endaweni esebusweni bomhlaba ngenhla kwe-hypocenter.
Uma sesikutholile ukuqonda kwethu ngokuthi yini ehlanganisa ukuzamazama komhlaba, ake sihlole ukuthi lezi zenzakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba zenzeka kanjani futhi sembule umsuka wazo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi umsebenzi we-tectonic yiwona obangela ukwenzeka kokuzamazama komhlaba. Lesi simo sisekelwe olwazini lokuthi i-lithosphere yoMhlaba yakhiwe ngamapuleti e-tectonic anamandla okushelela futhi okungenzeka angqubuzane, okwenza kube nomsebenzi we-tectonic. Yilokhu kunyakaza nokushayisana kwamapuleti okuchaza ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi.
Izingxenye zokuzamazama komhlaba
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, izingxenye eziyinhloko zendawo yonke yilezi ezilandelayo: i-hypocenter ne-epicenter.
I-hypocenter, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-seismic focus, Yiphuzu elingaphakathi eMhlabeni lapho kuqala khona ukuqhuma okubangela ukuzamazama komhlaba. Leli phuzu ngokuvamile litholakala kumakhilomitha ambalwa ukushona oqweqweni loMhlaba. Kulapha lapho ukucindezeleka okuqoqiwe kudlula ukumelana namadwala futhi amandla akhululwa ngendlela yamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba. Ukujula kwe-hypocenter kungahluka kakhulu, kusukela kumakhilomitha ambalwa kuya kumakhulu amakhilomitha kwezinye izimo zokuzamazama komhlaba okujulile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-epicenter iphuzu elingaphezulu komhlaba elingaphezu kwe-hypocenter. Nakuba i-hypocenter kuyindawo lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaqala khona, I-epicenter yindawo lapho imiphumela eshube kakhulu ivamise ukuzwakala khona nalapho umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu uvame ukugxila khona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba asakazekela ngaphandle esuka ku-hypocenter futhi afinyelele phezulu, abangele ukunyakaza komhlaba.
Izinhlobo zokuzamazama komhlaba
Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene zokuzamazama komhlaba kuye ngokuthi kudabuka kuphi. Kukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhekwa njengemvelo kanti okunye kunezimbangela zokwenziwa. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene:
Izimbangela zemvelo
- Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Tectonic: Ziyizona ezivame kakhulu futhi zenzeka lapho amapuleti e-tectonic ehlangana nomunye nomunye noma, ezimweni ezingavamile, lapho kunamaphuzu abuthakathaka ngaphakathi kwamapuleti.
- Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwentaba-mlilo: Ziwuhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba obangelwa ukuhlukana kwedwala ngenxa yentaba-mlilo endaweni ethile.
- Ukuzamazama komhlaba: Zibonakala ngokugudluzwa okungazelelwe kwamadwala noma inhlabathi, njengalapho umthambeka wehla ngokushesha okulandelwa umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba.
Kuwo wonke umlando, ukwenzeka kokuzamazama komhlaba okubangelwa imithelela ye-meteorite eplanethini enguMhlaba bekungavamile; Nokho, Kube khona izimo zokusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba okubangelwa ukudlidliza okunamandla okukhiqizwa ngemva komthelela.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okubangelwa imisebenzi yabantu
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuzamazama komhlaba okubangelwa imisebenzi yabantu, okwaziwa njengokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-anthropogenic, singakwazi ukuhlonza izinhlobo ezimbalwa okufanele zibalule:
- Ukuzamazama komhlaba okubangelwa amadamu Ziwumphumela wesisindo esiningi samanzi emachibini kanye nezinguquko eziphuthumayo ezenzeka phakathi nokukhululwa kwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba obangelwa ukuqhuma kwezikhali zenuzi uvame ukuba ngokulinganisela ngobukhulu, kuyilapho ukuzamazama komhlaba okubangelwa ukuqhuma kwezimayini nezikwali kuvame ukuba kuncane ngesilinganiso.
- Inqubo ye-hydraulic fracturing, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-fracking, isetshenziselwa ukukhipha igesi yemvelo namafutha. Le ndlela ivame ukubangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okuncane futhi ngezinye izikhathi izehlakalo ezinkulu zokuzamazama komhlaba ngenxa yokuphuka komhlaba.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kukalwa kanjani
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kungalinganiswa ngezindlela eziningana, ngezikali ezihlukene ezihlola ubukhulu noma ukushuba komcimbi. Nokho, Isikali esisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Richter scale, eyaziwa nangokuthi isikali sobukhulu bendawo (M). Lesi sikali se-logarithmic silinganisa ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba ngokusekelwe kumandla namandla akhishwe phakathi nomcimbi. Ngokuqondile, isikali sikaRichter sivumela ukuzamazama komhlaba okukala okungu-2 kuya ku-6,9 futhi okwenzeka ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angu-0 kuya ku-400.
Ukwengeza, isikali somzuzu we-seismological magnitude sivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yekhono laso lokuhlola ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kuno-6,9, sinikeza ukunqunywa okunembe kakhudlwana kwamanani eqisayo. Lesi sikali siphinde sihlole ukuqina kwamadwala kanye nebanga elimaphakathi lokusuka.
Imiphumela yokuzamazama komhlaba
Nakuba ngokuvamile kunolwazi oluthile mayelana nokwakheka nokukalwa kokuzamazama komhlaba, kuhlala kungenakuphikwa ukuthi ubukhulu nokuqina kwalezi zenzakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba kungaba nemiphumela eminingi.
- Omunye wemiphumela evame ukubonwa yokuzamazama komhlaba ukubhidlika kwendawo, okuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezakhiwo, nengqalasizinda njengemigwaqo nothelawayeka, nezinye izakhiwo ezahlukene. Ukwengeza, izikhukhula zingenzeka ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwedamu noma ukuguquka kwemifula, okubangela izikhukhula ezinkulu.
- Ukudilika komhlaba Zibangelwa ukugudluzwa kungazelelwe kwamapuleti e-tectonic, okubangela ukungazinzi kuzo zombili izigodi nezintaba futhi kuholela ekubonakaleni kokudilika komhlaba.
- Ama-tsunami, aziwa nangokuthi amagagasi olwandle, awumphumela wokunyakaza okuma mpo kwamanzi amaningi, abonakala njengochungechunge lwamagagasi anamandla anosayizi abahlukahlukene. Lawa ma-tsunami angabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, njengokuzamazama komhlaba okuvela phakathi nolwandle noma ukuzamazama komhlaba okunesizinda sakhona eduze nezindawo ezisogwini.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezingxenye zokuzamazama komhlaba nokuthi iyini imiphumela yako.