Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingwadule emhlabeni. Ziyi-biomes yasemhlabeni ethola inani elincane lemvula kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lemisebe yelanga unyaka wonke. Iningi lazo linamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, kokunye lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-60 ezingeni lomhlabathi ngesikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga. Noma kunjalo, hhayi bonke izingwadule zomhlaba ube namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Kukhona futhi lapho amazinga okushisa aphansi evelele khona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici zezingwadule zomhlaba.
Izici zogwadule
Indawo yalezi zinhlobo zama-biomes iphakathi kwama-degree angama-15 kuya kwangama-35 kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres. Kulezi zifunda sithola ukujikeleza komoya okukhiqiza umswakama ophansi emvelweni. Izingwadule eziningi zomhlaba zivame ukuhlobene nemvula ye-orographic. Lezi zimvula yilezo ezitholakala nentaba ephakeme kakhulu. Lapho ubukhulu bomoya bukhuphuka intaba, kuyaphola futhi umswakama uyancipha, kudale imvula ngesimo semvula. Inkinga ukuthi izimvula zidalwa yintaba uqobo lwayo futhi kuyabucayi ukuthi enye ingxenye yethambeka inezimo eziphansi zomswakama futhi iyafudumala kancane kancane.
Uma sibheka izintaba ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ukuze engxenyeni yeLeeward kulapho kunezingwadule khona ngenxa yezimo esizibalile. Izindawo eziwugwadule kakhulu emhlabeni yilezo lapho kunezingcindezi eziphezulu zomkhathi ezihlala zikhona cishe unyaka wonke. Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izingwadule ezinkulu zomhlaba nezindawo ezishisayo. Ugwadule iSahara, Ugwadule lwase-Australia kanye noGwadule i-Atacama ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlelo zemvelo zezingwadule zomhlaba
Kepha kuleyo planethi kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezingwadule ngokuya ngezici zazo. Ake sibone ukuthi yini ngayinye yazo:
- Izingwadule zamazwekazi ezwekazi eliphakathi nendawo: Yibo abaseceleni kolunye uhla lwesikhalazo sezintaba uLee uhlushwa yizimo zesomiso namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngenxa yokuthi imvula iyageleza endaweni esezintabeni.
- Ihlane laseNyakatho Melika: lezi zingwadule zikhonjiswa amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama omkhulu kakhulu.
- Izingwadule ezisogwini: yilezo ezitholakala eduze nogu.
- Ugwadule lwase-Australia: Le ndawo yonke ivelele ngokuba nezinga lomoya eliphezulu kakhulu.
- I-Cold subpolar kanye nezingwadule zezintaba: Lezi zingwadule zigqame ngokuba namazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuhlukahluka kwemvelo ngenxa yezimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu.
- Izingwadule ezishisayo nezishisayo: banesandiso esincane ngenxa yokuthi isimo sezulu esishisayo sivame ukuthambekela ekwakheni izindawo ezikahle zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Imvelo yasogwadule yilezo ezinamazinga aphezulu we-aridity, adala izimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu Ezinye izingwadule, njengehlane laseSahara, azitholi imvula unyaka wonke. Lokhu kwenza izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala kulezi zindawo cishe zingabi khona. Kwezinye izimo, sinezingwadule ezithola imvula, kepha mancane kakhulu. Imvamisa, lezi zimvula zivame ukuhambisana neziphepho.
Izingwadule ezinemvula ethe xaxa zivame ukuba nezinga eliphakeme lokuhlukahlukana. Izinhlobo ezingatholwa yizihlahlana ezingamelana nesomiso, i-cacti nezinye izitshalo eziseqenjini lama-succulent. I-cactus yethulwa ngendlela esongiwe futhi iyivumela ukuthi ikhule lapho imunca amanzi ngezikhathi zemvula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kunezimvula, izitshalo zaminyaka yonke ziyaqhakaza ngendlela enamandla ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokuqondene nezilwane, Izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinambuzane zikhombise ukuzijwayeza okuphawulekayo ezindaweni ezomile. Iningi labo linemikhuba yasebusuku yokugwema amazinga okushisa aphezulu osuku. Kukhona okunye okusebenzayo phakathi nezinyanga ezipholile. Kunemvelo ethile etholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme nasemaqandeni ezenza ukuthi zivezwe amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika. Lapha sinogwadule lwaseNevada nase-Utah okuvame ukufinyelelwa yiqhwa.
Izimo ezingwadule zomhlaba
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izizathu ezenza kube khona ubukhulu obukhulu bokushisa kanye nokuntuleka kwemvula kulezi zindawo. Izindawo ezomile zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephezulu ezisebenza njengomngcele wesimo sezulu phakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo nezishubile. Kulezi zindawo ukuhamba komoya kunqoba ngaphezulu kuya ohlangothini oluphambene nezindawo ezinengcindezi ephezulu. Lo moya usekelwa omunye umoya owehlela emazingeni aphezulu njengengxenye yokujikeleza kwamaseli kaHadley jikelele.
Umoya oheleza ezingwadule zomhlaba ubonakala ngokuthi uyashisa futhi womile. Ezingeni lomhlabathi, kukhona ukuguquguquka kokushisa okuholela ezindaweni eziphakathi kwengcindezi ephezulu okumele kubonakale ngokungabikho kwamadoda nemvula encane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinesandla somuntu esidala ukuthi izindawo ezithile lapho kunezitshalo eziqinile noma amahlathi akhiqize umphumela omubi odala ukuguquka kwezwe. Ukugwaduleka komhlaba kungenye yemithelela yemvelo edala ukulahleka kwenhlabathi evundile emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokwehla okukhulu kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani lezi zimo ezimbi zikhona esimweni sezulu esisehlane. Ngokuba nezindawo ezinengcindezi ephansi ezingeni lomhlaba ezikhiqizwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu emini nezulu elihlanzekile, kunezindawo lapho ama-thermometer akhuphuka abe ngamanani ama-40 degrees nangaphezulu.
Izitezi
Inhlabathi yezingwadule zomhlaba ikhombisa ukuwohloka okuncane futhi ayinawo ama-humus. Inokuthungwa kwesihlabathi futhi kwezinye zazo kuyabonakala ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Lokhu kukhula kunikeza ukuqoqwa kwenkunkuma yezitshalo ebusweni bomhlaba kanye nomthombo wokudla kwezilwane. Ukuntuleka kokuhlunga amanzi nesimo sezulu samakhemikhali kubenza bangavundisi kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezingwadule zomhlaba nezici zazo.