Abantu banemigqa elinganiselwe ecatshangelwayo emhlabeni wethu ukuze bathole i-latitudes nobukhulu bamazwe namazwekazi. Lezi zindawo zihlukaniswe enyakatho, eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Umugqa ohlukanisa inyakatho neningizimu ubizwa ngokuthi i-Ecuador futhi ushiya iplanethi ihlukaniswe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i- izindawo ezishisayo zomhlaba. SineTropic of Capricorn kanye neTropic of Cancer.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zezindawo ezishisayo zaseMhlabeni nokuthi yini ebalulekile abanayo.
Umhlaba Ezishisayo
Izindawo ezishisayo ziyimigqa ehambisana nenkabazwe, 23º 27' ukusuka enkabazwe kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres. SineTropic of Cancer enyakatho neTropic of Cancer eningizimu.
Inkabazwe iwumugqa onobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu. I-perpendicular ku-eksisi Yomhlaba emaphakathi nendawo. Isiyingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esibheke eksisini yawo, sihlukanisa umhlaba ube izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-hemispheres: enyakatho noma enyakatho (enyakatho yenkabazwe) naseningizimu noma eningizimu (eningizimu nenkabazwe). Ama-longitudes asemhlabeni akha imibuthano emikhulu encikene nenkabazwe yasemhlabeni futhi adlule ezigxotsheni.
I-Perpendicular to the equator, umbuthano ongenakulinganiswa ocatshangwayo ungadwetshwa uzungeze uMhlaba, ububanzi bawo obuqondana ne-axis ye-polar. le mibuthano Akhiwe ngama-semicircles amabili abizwa ngokuthi ama-meridians nama-antimeridians., ngokulandelana. Izici ze-meridians yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Wonke anobubanzi obufanayo (i-axis yomhlaba).
- I-perpendicular to inkabazwe.
- Ziqukethe inkaba yomhlaba.
- Bahlangana emapalini.
- Kanye nama-anti-meridians abo ahambisanayo bahlukanisa umhlaba ube ama-hemispheres amabili.
I-Tropic yeCapricorn
I-Tropic of Cancer iwumugqa ocatshangelwayo ovundlile noma ohambisanayo ozungeza uMhlaba ngo-23,5° eningizimu yenkabazwe. Yindawo eseningizimu kakhulu eMhlabeni, ukusuka endaweni eseningizimu kuya enyakatho yeTropic of Cancer, futhi inesibopho sokumaka ukuphela kweningizimu yezindawo ezishisayo.
I-Tropic of Capricorn ibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi iLanga liseCapricorn phakathi nenkathi ye-solstice kaDisemba. I Ukuqokwa kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-2000 edlule, lapho ilanga lalingasekho kulamaqoqo ezinkanyezi. Ngenjikalanga yangoJuni, iLanga liseTaurus, futhi ngoDecember solstice, iLanga liseSagittarius. Ibizwa ngokuthi iCapricorn ngoba ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho ilanga lasehlobo livela eningizimu nenkabazwe, ilanga lalisemlaza weCapricorn. Njengamanje iseqenjini lezinkanyezi leSagittarius, kodwa isiko lisalamukela ngokwesiko igama elithi Tropic of Capricorn.
Izici zimi kanje:
- Umehluko wesizini ezindaweni ezishisayo mncane, ngakho ukuphila ngokuvamile kufudumele futhi kunelanga ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseCapricorn.
- Iziqongo ezibandayo zezingwadule zase-Atacama naseKalahari, eRio de Janeiro nase-Andes zitholakala eTropic of Capricorn.
- Yilapho kutshalwa khona iningi lekhofi emhlabeni.
- Lona umugqa ongokomfanekiso onquma indawo ekude kakhulu eningizimu ilanga elingafinyelela kuyo emini.
- Inesibopho sokuchaza imingcele eseningizimu yezindawo ezishisayo.
- Indawo yokuqala iqala ogwini oluwugwadule lwaseNamibia, eSandwich Harbour.
- Izindawo ezishisayo ziwela uMfula iLimpopo, umsele omkhulu odabula iNingizimu Afrika, iBotswana, neMozambique futhi udlulele olwandle i-Indian Ocean.
- I-Tropic of Capricorn ithinta kuphela isifundazwe esisenyakatho yeNingizimu Afrika, kodwa ihlanganisa i-Kruger National Park.
I-Tropic of Cancer
I-Tropic of Cancer umugqa we-latitude ozungeza Umhlaba cishe ku-23,5° enyakatho ye-equatorial latitude. Leli yiphuzu elisenyakatho kakhulu eMhlabeni. Futhi, ingesinye sezilinganiso ezinhlanu eziyinhloko ezithathwe ngamayunithi e-latitude, noma imibuthano ye-latitude, ehlukanisa umhlaba, khumbula ukuthi ezinye izilinganiso i-Capricorn, i-Equator, i-Arctic Circle ne-Antarctic Circle.
I-Tropic of Cancer ibaluleke kakhulu egatsheni le-geography elicwaninga uMhlaba, ngoba ngaphezu kokuba yindawo esenyakatho ekhombisa ngokuqondile imisebe yelanga, futhi inomsebenzi wokumaka ukuphela kwenyakatho yezindawo ezishisayo, kunabela enyakatho ukusuka enkabazwe ukuya eTropic of Cancer naseningizimu kuya enyakatho yomugqa wokuhlehla. I-Tropic of Cancer iwumugqa we-latitude ozungeza umhlaba ku-23,5° enyakatho ye-equatorial latitude, iyindawo esenyakatho yeTropic of Cancer futhi ingelinye lamadigri asetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa umhlaba.
Phakathi nenkathi yenjikalanga kaJuni noma yasehlobo, ilanga likhomba umlaza weCancer, ngakho umugqa omusha we-latitude ubizwa ngokuthi iTropic of Cancer. Kodwa kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi igama lanikezwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2000 edlule, futhi ilanga alisekho kuCancer. Njengamanje isendaweni yomlaza weTaurus. Kodwa-ke, kumareferensi amaningi, indawo ye-latitude ye-Tropic of Cancer ku-23,5°N kulula ukuyiqonda. Izici zabo yilezi:
- Kuyi-latitude esenyakatho lapho ilanga lingavela khona ngqo phezulu, futhi lenzeka phakathi nenkathi edumile ka-June solstice.
- Enyakatho yalo mugqa, singathola izindawo ezishisayo nezisenyakatho.
- Eningizimu yeTropic of Cancer nasenyakatho yeCapricorn iyindawo eshisayo.
- Izinkathi zayo zonyaka aziphawulwa izinga lokushisa, kodwa ngenhlanganisela yemimoya yohwebo edonsa umswakama olwandle futhi ikhiqize izimvula zonyaka ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-monsoon oGwini Olusempumalanga.
- Izinhlobo ezahlukene zesimo sezulu zingahlukaniswa ezindaweni ezishisayo ngoba i-latitude ingenye yezici eziningi ezinquma isimo sezulu esishisayo.
- Iqukethe indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yamahlathi ashisayo emhlabeni.
- Inesibopho sokuhlukanisa umkhawulo osenyakatho womugqa oqondile phakathi kwelanga nomhlaba phakathi nenkathi yehlobo ye-solstice esenyakatho nenkabazwe.
Njengoba ubona, umuntu usebenzise imigqa ecatshangelwayo ukuze akwazi ukuhlukanisa iplanethi ngokwezimo zesimo sezulu futhi iwusizo kakhulu ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe kanye nezwe. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezindawo ezishisayo zoMhlaba kanye nezici zawo.