Wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esithile uthande ukuzwa izindaba zama-dinosaurs nezidalwa ezedlule ezazihlala eMhlabeni. Ukuphenya, akunakugwenywa ukuzithola siphambi kwezinsalela, ubufakazi obuqondile kakhulu bezidalwa ezaqothulwa ezigidini zeminyaka eyedlule.
Ngenxa yabo, singakwazi ukwakha kabusha izilwane ezihlala ngaleso sikhathi. Njengephazili elihle elizakha kabusha kancane kancane futhi lisibonise ukuthi izinto zazinjani phambilini. Kepha yini ngempela ethatha isidalwa senyama namathambo ukuba siphenduke sibe ngamatshe?
Yini ifosili?
Izinsalela zasendulo zivela egameni lesiLatini elithi "fossilis", okusho ukuthi "kumbiwa." Izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo kanye nomsebenzi wazo, ngokwesibonelo, amathrekhi ezinsalela, angathathwa njengezinsalela. Lezi zinsalela zivame ukugcinwa emadwaleni asezintabeni, okungenzeka ukuthi aguqulwe ekwakhekeni kwawo. Eyokuqala nge-diagenesis, okuyindlela yokwakhiwa kwedwala le-sedimentary kusuka ezinsaleni. Okunye ukwenziwa kwe-metamorphism okunamandla, okuyilapho idwala lenza uguquko ngaphandle kokushintsha kwesimo ngenxa yezingcindezi namazinga okushisa ahlukile kunalawo aqalwa wona.
Ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-fossil", kufanele okungenani ibe neminyaka eyi-10.000 4 ubudala. Lokho wukuthi, singabathola bobabili eHolocene, okuyisikhathi samanje, kuze kube yi-Archaic Aeon, eminyakeni engaphezudlwana kwezi-XNUMX billion edlule. Usayizi wazo ungahluka kulokhu okuqukethe, kusuka kuma-micrometer wama-bacterial fossilized kuya kumamitha amaningi njengama-dinosaurs amakhulu. Vele kukhona izinsalela zamathambo ezinesisindo esiphansi kakhulu ezifinyelela kwamanye ezingamathani amaningi.
Zakhiwa kanjani?
Ukwakheka kwemivubukulo kungenzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinqubo zefossilization. Okuvame kakhulu okwenziwa yi-petrification, okubizwa nge-mineralization. Ezinye izinqubo kungaba ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ukusakaza nokubumba, kanye nokumisa izidumbu. Ngokulandelayo sizobona umehluko wabo.
Ukwakhiwa ngamaminerali
Into yokuqala ezophela lapho isilwane sifa izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Le nqubo, evame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ishiya konke okukhona okungamathambo, izingqimba zamathambo, amathambo, amazinyo, njll. Uma kungenzeki okunye, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kancane kancane lezi zinsalela ziyangcwatshwa. Amanzi angena yize kunezingqimba eziningana zomhlaba ngaphezulu, ahambisa amaminerali ezinsaleleni zamathambo ezitholakala lapho ngezansi. Kancane kancane, nangokuhamba kwesikhathi, kubangela ukuthi izinsalela ziguqulwe zibe ngamatshe. Ngalesi sizathu ibizwa nangokuthi i-petrification.
Isibonelo semivubukulo yaphansi nge-carbonization
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Carbonization
Ukulahleka kwezinto ezinegesi, ikakhulukazi i-oxygen, i-hydrogen ne-nitrogen, kushiya ifilimu yekhabhoni. Lolu hlobo lwe-fossilization luvame kakhulu ezitshalweni ikakhulukazi, njengokuthi uma, ngokwesibonelo, amaqabunga noma amagatsha echotshozwa phakathi kwamatshe.
Ukwakha ngokusakaza nokubumba
Lolu hlobo lwemivubukulo lwenzeka njengombono omubi noma omuhle. Lokho wukuthi, kokubi kungaba yikhophi eguquliwe yalokho eyayiyikho futhi ngokuqinisekile iyikhophi njengoba yayinjalo. Mayelana nalokhu, zingabonakaliswa ngezindlela ezi-3:
- Ingaphandle: Kwakha isithombe esibi somzimba, kungaba kusuka esikhunjeni sesilwane noma ebusweni begobolondo, isibonelo. Umzimba umbozwe ebusweni bawo ngezinto ezithile, njengodaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi idwala ligcina imininingwane yesilwane ebisimboziwe.
- Ingaphakathi: Kwenzeka lapho impahla ingena emzimbeni, esibonelweni segobolondo ngokwesibonelo, igcwalisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nalolo lwazi. Isilwane sibola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi izinto ezibhajwe ngaphakathi zithola ukwakheka kwesilwane obekuso.
- Ngokumelene nesikhunta: Yikhophi efanayo yesilwane, yize kunzima kakhulu ukukhiqiza. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, isikhunta sokuqala kufanele sibe khona ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle, ngakho-ke, isikhunta sesibili endaweni ephikisanayo, sakha umfanekiso wokuthi umzimba wawunjani.
Ukwakheka ngokugqumisa
Kule nqubo umzimba ugcinwa cishe njengoba wawukhona. Ngalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi isilwane sibhajwe ezintweni, nokuthi simelane nokubola futhi singangenisi namanzi. Isibonelo, umiyane obhajwe e-amber, noma isilwane esincelisayo esibhajwe eqhweni.
Futhi manje ukuphenya! Siyethemba ukuthi kusukela manje kuqhubeke lapho ubona imithombo yezinsalela, ungabona futhi nenqubo eyenza kwaba nokwenzeka!