Yini izikhukhula?

Imvula, ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, yamukelekile kakhulu, kepha lapho amanzi ewa ngamandla amakhulu noma isikhathi eside, kufika isikhathi lapho umhlaba noma imigudu yokuhambisa amanzi emadolobheni nasemadolobheni iyeka ukukwazi ukuwumunca.

Futhi-ke, njengoba amanzi ewuketshezi futhi, ngakho-ke, into ehamba lapho iya khona, ngaphandle uma amafu ehlakazeka ngokushesha, asizukukhetha ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngezikhukhula. Kepha, Ziyini futhi zibangelwa yini?

Bayini?

Izikhukhula kuhlala ngamanzi ezindaweni ezivame ukungabi nalokhu. Ziyizinto zemvelo ebezilokhu zenzeka selokhu kunamanzi eplanethi yoMhlaba, ebumba ogwini, okufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwamathafa ezigodini zemifula nasemazweni avundile.

Kubangelwa yini?

Zingadalwa yizimo ezahlukahlukene, okuyilezi:

• Ukwehla okubandayo: kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlaba libanda kakhulu kunalelo lezilwandle. Lo mehluko ubangela inqwaba yomoya oshisayo nonomswakama ukhuphukele ezingxenyeni eziphakathi neziphezulu zomkhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele izimvula ezinkulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kungahle kube nezikhukhula.
  ESpain kuyinto eyenzeka minyaka yonke eyenzeka kusukela ekwindla.
• Monsoon: i-monsoon umoya wonyaka okhiqizwa ukufuduka kwebhande lasenkabazwe. Kubangelwa ukupholisa komhlaba, okushesha ukwedlula lokho kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo izinga lokushisa lomhlaba liphakeme kunelolwandle, okwenza umoya ongaphezulu komhlaba ukhuphuke ngokushesha, kubangele isiphepho. Njengoba umoya uvunguza kusuka kuma-anticyclone (izindawo ezinengcindezi ephezulu) kuya kwizishingishane (izindawo ezinengcindezi ephansi) ukulinganisela zombili izingcindezi, umoya onamandla uvunguza njalo kusuka olwandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, imvula ina ngamandla, ikhuphula izinga lemifula.
• Iziphepho: Iziphepho noma izivunguvungu yizimo zezulu, ngaphandle kokuthi zikwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu, zingenye yalezo ezivumela ukuwa kwamanzi amaningi. Yizinhlelo zesiphepho ezinemijikelezo evaliwe ezungeza isikhungo esinengcindezi ephansi ngenkathi idla ukushisa kolwandle, okushisa okungenani ama-20 degrees Celsius.
• Thaw: ezindaweni lapho kuneqhwa kaningi kakhulu futhi futhi ngobuningi, ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe kokushisa kubangela izikhukhula emifuleni. Kungenzeka futhi uma ukuwa kweqhwa kube nzima futhi kungavamile, njengalezo ezingavamile ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile noma esomile.
• Amagagasi olwandle noma ama-tsunami: lezi zimo zingenye imbangela yezikhukhula. Amagagasi amakhulu abangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba angageza ogwini, abangele izinkinga eziningi kubahlali nakwizimila nezilwane zale ndawo.
  Zenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasePacific naseLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya, ezinomsebenzi omkhulu wokuzamazama komhlaba.

Yini esivikela ngayo?

Selokhu ubuntu baqala ukuhlala phansi kakhulu, bahlala eduze nemifula nezigodi, bekulokhu kunenkinga efanayo: ungazivikela kanjani izikhukhula? EGibhithe, ngesikhathi soFaro, uMfula iNayile ungadala ukulahleka okukhulu kwabaseGibhithe, ngakho-ke basheshe bafunda ukuthi bangazivikela kanjani izitshalo zabo ngemigudu edlulisa amanzi namadamu. Kodwa ngokudabukisayo babejwayele ukubhujiswa ngamanzi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa.

Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi eSpain nasenyakatho ne-Italy, amachibi nezinqolobane zase zivele zakhiwa ezazilawula ukuhamba kwemifula. Kepha kuze kube manje, kule nkathi yamanje, lapho emazweni abizwa ngokuthi yiFirst World empeleni sikwazi ukuvimbela izikhukhula. Amadamu, izithiyo zensimbi, ukulawula amadamu, ukwenziwa ngcono kwamanzi emiseleni yemifula… Konke lokhu, okungezwe ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu okuthuthukile, kusivumele ukuthi silawule kangcono amanzi.

Futhi, kancane kancane kwenqatshelwe ukwakha ogwini, okuyizindawo ezisengozini enkulu yezikhukhula. Futhi iqiniso ukuthi, uma indawo yemvelo iphela izitshalo, amanzi azoba nezinsiza eziningi kakhulu zokucekela phansi yonke into, ngaleyo ndlela afinyelele emakhaya; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ingakhiwa, noma uma, kancane kancane, indawo eye yajeziswa kanzima ngumuntu ngezidalwa zezitshalo zendabuko ibuyiselwa, ingozi yokuthi uzamcolo uzobhubhisa yonke into incane.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emazweni asathuthuka, izinhlelo ezinjengokuvimbela, ukuxwayisa kanye nezinyathelo ezalandela azithuthukiswa kangako, njengoba ngeshwa kubonakale eziphephweni ebezihlasela amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kodwa-ke, ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba kuvuna izenzo zokwenza abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinobungozi baphephe.

Izikhukhula eSpain

ESpain sibe nezinkinga ezinkulu ngezikhukhula. Okubi kakhulu emlandweni wethu wakamuva kube yilokhu okulandelayo:

Isikhukhula sango-1907

NgoSepthemba 24, 1907, abantu abangama-21 balahlekelwa yizimpilo zabo eMalaga ngenxa yezimvula ezinamandla. Umcengezi waseGuadalmedina wachichima, uthwele iqwaba lamanzi nodaka efike ngamamitha ama-5 ukuphakama.

Isikhukhula esikhulu seValencia

Ngo-Okthoba 14, 1957, abantu abangama-81 balahlekelwa yimiphefumulo yabo ngenxa yokuchichima koMfula iTuria. Kwakunezikhukhula ezimbili: owokuqala wamangaza wonke umuntu, ngoba eValencia kwakungakaze kube khona imvula; owesibili wafika emini esifundeni saseCamp del Turia. Kulesi sikhathi sokugcina I-125l / m2 inqwabelene, Abangu-90 kubo ngemizuzu engama-40. Umfula wawunokugeleza cishe kwama-4200 m3 / s. EBegis (Castellón) ama-361l / m2 aqoqiwe.

Isikhukhula sango-1973

Ngo-Okthoba 19, 1973, I-600l / m2 inqwabelene eZúrgena (Almería) nase-Albuñol (eGranada). Kwakunabantu abaningi ababulawa; ngaphezu kwalokho, omasipala baseLa Rábita (eGranada) nasePuerto Lumbreras (Murcia) babhujiswa ngokuphelele.

Isikhukhula saseTenerife

Mashi 31, 2002 I-232.6l / m2 inqwabelene, ngamandla angu-162.6l / m2 ngehora elilodwa, okudale ukufa kwabantu abayisishiyagalombili.

Izikhukhula eLevante

Phakathi kukaDisemba 16 no-19, 2016 isiphepho iLevante esathinta umphakathi waseValencian, iMurcia, i-Almería neBalearic Islands sabangela ukufa kwabantu aba-5. Ezindaweni eziningi ngaphezu kuka-600l / m2 okuqoqiwe.

Izikhukhula eMalaga

NgoMashi 3, 2018 isiphepho kukhishwe kufika kumalitha ayi-100 emaphuzu esifundazweni saseMalaga, njengetheku laseMalaga, iNtshonalanga ne-Inland Costa del Sol, iSerranía kanye neGenal Valley. Ngenhlanhla, akukho ukulahleka komuntu okufanele kuzisole ngakho, kodwa abezimo eziphuthumayo babhekele izehlakalo ezingaphezu kwe-150 ngenxa yokuwa kwezihlahla nezinye izinto, nokudilika komhlaba.

Akukhona okokuqala kwenzeka into efana nalena. Eqinisweni, le micimbi ijwayelekile kakhulu ngokudabukisayo. Isibonelo, ngoFebhuwari 20, 2017 Amalitha ayi-140 amanzi anqwabelene ngemitha skwele ngalinye ngobusuku obubodwa. Izimo eziphuthumayo zihambele izehlakalo ezingama-203 ngenxa yokugcwala komhlaba phansi, ukuwa kwezinto nezimoto ezibhajwe emgwaqeni.

Inkinga ukuthi isifundazwe sizungezwe izintaba. Uma lina, wonke amanzi aya kulo. Abantu baseMalaga kudala becela ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuyivimbela.