Iplanethi yethu uMhlaba ibingakaze ibe njalo njengoba injalo manje. Ngesikhathi sezigidigidi zeminyaka selokhu kwakhiwa uMhlaba, kube neziqephu zeminyaka yeqhwa, ukuqothulwa, izinguquko, ukubuyela emuva, imijikelezo, njll. Ayikaze ilungiswe futhi izinze kangako.
Enye yezinto eguqukile futhi ebingakaze ibe kanjena impilo yethu yonke yisibalo somazibuthe soMhlaba. Cishe eminyakeni engama-41.000 edlule, umhlaba wawune-polarity eguqulwayo, okungukuthi, isigxobo esisenyakatho sasiyiseningizimu futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka nokuthi ososayensi bazi kanjani?
Ukuguqulwa kwesigxobo sikazibuthe soMhlaba
Kuwo wonke umlando woMhlaba, izinguquko ezigxotsheni zikazibuthe zenzeke kaninginingi, zahlala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ukuze bakwazi lokhu, ososayensi bathembele ezivivinyweni nge amaminerali aphendula amandla kazibuthe. Okungukuthi, ngokuhlaziya ukuqondaniswa kwamaminerali kazibuthe, kungenzeka wazi ukuthi izibani zomhlaba zikazibuthe zazinjani ezigidini zeminyaka eyedlule.
Kepha akusabalulekanga nje kuphela ukukhombisa ukuthi izingongolo zikaMazibuthe zomhlaba ziguqukile kuwo wonke umlando, kepha kungani bakwenzile lokho. Ososayensi bathole amalambu amakhulu omlilo anezindawo zamadwala ezikhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ziwele zijule emhlabeni wethu. Isenzo salawa matshe singadala ushintsho ezigxotsheni zomhlaba futhi siwenze aphenye. Ukuthola lokhu, ososayensi basebenzise izifundo zabo kwizimpawu ezashiywa ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Cishe emaphethelweni omgogodla woMhlaba kunamazinga okushisa angama-4000 ° C ukuze idwala eliqinile ligeleze kancane kancane ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka. Lesi sikhathi samanje se-convection engubeni sidala ukuthi amazwekazi anyakaze futhi aguqule isimo. Ngenxa yensimbi eyakhiwe futhi igcinwe enkabeni yomhlaba, uMhlaba ugcina amandla awo kazibuthe asivikela emisebeni yelanga.
Ukuphela kwendlela ososayensi abazi ngayo le ngxenye yoMhlaba ukutadisha izimpawu zokuzamazama komhlaba ezikhiqizwa ukuzamazama komhlaba. Ngolwazi lwejubane namandla egagasi lokuzamazama komhlaba bangakwazi ukuthi yini esinayo ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu nokuthi kunjani ukwakheka.
Ingabe kukhona imodeli entsha yoMhlaba?
Ngale ndlela yokufunda uMhlaba kungaziwa ukuthi kunezifunda ezimbili ezinkulu engxenyeni engenhla yengqikithi yoMhlaba lapho amagagasi enyikima ahamba kancane. Lezi zifunda zihambisana kakhulu ne- ukuthi zithinta kanjani yonke inguquko yezingubo, ngaphezu kwesimo indlela umnyombo ophola ngayo.
Sibonga u ukuzamazama komhlaba okuqine kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje lezo ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukutadisha kwalawa magagasi ahamba ngomngcele ophakathi kwengqimba nengubo yoMhlaba. Ucwaningo lwakamuva kulezi zifunda zengaphakathi loMhlaba lukhombisa ukuthi ingxenye engezansi yomgogodla inamandla aphakeme kangakanani (yingakho ingxenye engezansi) nengxenye ephezulu iba nobukhulu obuphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kusikisela okuthile okubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi ukuthi izinto ziyanda ngaphezulu, okungukuthi, zihambela phezulu.
Izifunda zingancipha kakhulu ngoba zifudumele. Njengabantu abaningi (okushisa kakhulu kuvame ukukhuphuka), kwenzeka into efanayo ngaphakathi kwengubo nengqikithi yoMhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwezingxenye zesembatho kuziphatha njengamaconsi avela kusibani se-lava. Okusho ukuthi, baqale bafudumale bese bavuka. Uma usukhuphukile, ungenakho ukuxhumana nomnyombo woMhlaba, uqala ukuphola futhi ube mkhulu, ngakho-ke wehla kancane uye emuva emgodini.
Lokhu kuziphatha okufana nesibani somlilo kungashintsha indlela ososayensi abachaza ngayo ukukhipha ukushisa ebusweni bendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasebenza kahle ukuchaza ukuthi kungani, kuwo wonke umlando woMhlaba, izigxobo zikazibuthe zibuyiselwe emuva.
Umthombo
Ukutadisha okugcwele: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X15000345