Sonke sibona izintaba ezindaweni zethu usuku nosuku. Nokho, abanye abantu abazi iyini intaba nokuthi kwakheka kanjani ngokombono wokuma komhlaba. Intaba, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuphakama kwemvelo komhlaba, iwumkhiqizo wamandla e-tectonic futhi ngokuvamile iphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-700 ngaphezu kwesisekelo sayo. Lezi zindawo eziphakeme zendawo ngokuvamile ziqoqwa zibe izintaba noma izintaba, ezingahlala isikhathi esifushane noma zinwetshwe ngebanga elingaphezu kwekhilomitha.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuthi iyini intaba, izici zayo, ukwakheka nokunye okuningi.
iyini intaba
Izintaba ziye zadonsa ukunaka komuntu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ngokuvamile ezihlotshaniswa ngokwesiko nokuphakama, ukusondela kuNkulunkulu (izulu), noma njengesingathekiso sokuqhubeka nokulwela ukuthola umbono omkhulu noma ongcono. Empeleni, ukugibela izintaba kuwumsebenzi womzimba ohambisana nesidingo esikhulu somzimba futhi kubaluleke kakhulu uma sicabangela amaphesenti aziwayo eplanethi.
Ziningi izindlela zokuhlukanisa izintaba. Isibonelo, kuye ngobude bazo, zingahlukaniswa zibe (kusuka phansi kuya phezulu): amagquma, izintaba ezimaphakathi nezintaba eziphakeme. Futhi, zingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngemvelaphi yazo: intaba-mlilo, igoqiwe (umkhiqizo wamaphutha e-tectonic) noma ukuqhekeka okugoqiwe.
Okokugcina, amaqembu asezintabeni angahlukaniswa ngokwendlela aqoqwe ngayo: uma exhumene ngobude, sizibiza ngokuthi izintaba, futhi uma ehlangene kakhulu noma ayindilinga, sizibiza ngokuthi amagquma.
Izintaba zimboze ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba: Ama-53% aqhamuka ezweni lase-Asia, ama-25% aseYurophu, ama-17% e-Australia kanye nama-3% e-Afrika, enza isamba sama-24%. Ngokulinganiselwa ku-10% wabantu bomhlaba abahlala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, wonke amanzi emifuleni akheka eziqongweni.
ukwakhiwa kwentaba
I-Orogeny yaziwa njengokwakheka kwezintaba futhi ithonywa yizici zangaphandle ezifana nokuguguleka noma ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic.
Izintaba zisuka ekuguquguqukeni koqweqwe lomhlaba, ngokuvamile ezimpambanweni zamapuleti amabili e-tectonic, ngokusebenzisa amandla komunye nomunye, okubangela i-lithosphere iyagoqa ukuze umthambo owodwa wehle futhi omunye ukhuphuke, ukudala ukuphakama kobukhulu obuguquguqukayo.
Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo yokushaqeka ibangela ukuba ungqimba lucwile ngaphansi komhlaba luncibilike ngenxa yokushisa, kwakheka i-magma, ebese iqhuma njengezintaba-mlilo phezulu.
izingxenye zezintaba
Izintaba ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:
- Phansi konyawo noma ukwakheka kwesisekelo, ngokuvamile phansi.
- pico, isiqongo noma inqongqo Isiqongo kanye nengxenye yokugcina, ukuphela kwentaba, kwafinyelela ekuphakameni okuphezulu kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
- umthambeka noma isiketi sixhuma unyawo olushelelayo lwentaba nesiqongo.
- Ingxenye yomthambeko phakathi kweziqongo ezimbili (izintaba ezimbili) ezakha ukudangala okuncane noma usinki.
Isimo sezulu sezintaba
Isimo sezulu sezintaba ngokuvamile sincike ezintweni ezimbili: i-latitude yakho kanye nokuphakama kwentaba. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, kuhlale kunezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nomfutho womoya ophansi, ngokuvamile u-5°C ngekhilomitha.
Kwenzeka okufanayo nangemvula, evame kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngakho ungathola izindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla kunasemathafeni, ikakhulukazi lapho kuzalwa khona imifula emikhulu. Uma ilokhu ikhuphuka, umswakama namanzi kuzophenduka iqhwa futhi ekugcineni kube yiqhwa.
izimila ezintabeni
izimila ezintabeni kakhulu kuncike esimweni sezulu kanye nendawo yentaba. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhuphuka, ngokuvamile kwenzeka kancane kancane ngendlela ehlelekile. Ngakho-ke, ezitezi eziphansi, eduze kwezinyawo, amathafa azungezile noma amahlathi asezintabeni acebile uhlaza olunezihlahla ezinde, ezinomthunzi.
Kodwa njengoba ikhula, izinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu ziyabusa, zisebenzisa izindawo zokulondoloza umswakama kanye nezimvula eziningi. Ngaphezulu kwendawo yezihlahla, ungazwa ukuntuleka komoyampilo futhi izimila zizoncipha zibe utshani, ngezihlahla ezincane notshani. Ngenxa yalokho, iziqongo zivame ukoma, ikakhulukazi lezo ezimbozwe iqhwa neqhwa.
Izintaba ezinhlanu eziphakeme kakhulu
Izintaba ezinhlanu ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni yilezi:
- INtaba i-Everest. Iphakeme ngamamitha angu-8.846 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi isesiqongweni sezintaba ze-Himalaya.
- K2 izintaba. Enye yezintaba ezinzima kakhulu ukukhuphuka emhlabeni, 8611 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Itholakala phakathi kweChina nePakistan.
- I-Calgary Jungle. Itholakala phakathi kweNdiya neNepal, iphakeme ngamamitha ayi-8598. Igama layo lihunyushwa ngokuthi "Ingcebo Eyisihlanu Eqhweni".
- I-Aconcagua. Emamitha angu-6.962, intaba itholakala e-Andes yase-Argentina esifundazweni saseMendoza futhi iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke e-United States.
- I-Ojos del Salado, Nevada. Iyingxenye ye-Andes, emngceleni ophakathi kweChile ne-Argentina. Yintaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni enobude obungamamitha angu-6891,3.
izinhlobo ezikhona
Lezi yizinhlobo zezintaba ezikhona:
- Intabamlilo. Zakha lapho i-magma evela ngaphakathi eMhlabeni iqoqa emakamelweni e-magma futhi ekugcineni ifinyelela phezulu njengodaka. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, udaka nezinye izinto ezikhishiwe zaqina futhi zakha izingqimba. Izintaba-mlilo ziyizintaba, kodwa akuzona zonke izintaba-mlilo.
- Okugoqiwe: Womabili akheka lapho izingcwecwe ezimbili ze-tectonic zishayisana, okubangela ukuba uqweqwe lomhlaba lugoqe.
- kwedome. Zakhiwa lapho i-magma ikhuphukela phezulu kodwa iqina ngaphambi kokuqhuma. Ukubonakala kweziqongo nezigodi kungenxa yesenzo sezici ze-geological zangaphandle.
- Amathafa. Ngokungafani nezintaba ezigoqekayo nezingamadome, amapuleti e-tectonic ayangqubuzana futhi aphakamise uqweqwe, kodwa awasonge. Ingxenye yayo engenhla ayiqondile, kodwa iphansi.
- Izintaba ezakhiwe ngamaphutha noma ukuqhekeka. Avela lapho ephuka ungqimba lomhlaba, okwenza amatshe ehle enyuka akhe izindawo eziphakeme.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini intaba nezici zayo.