Uma sikhuluma ngezinkanyezi kanye nomkhathi, umqondo we-astro uhlala usetshenziswa. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi iyini inkanyezi. Kuyo yonke imithala kunezinto eziningi zasezulwini ezinezici ezihlukahlukene neziyingxenye yendawo yonke yethu. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi iyini inkanyezi futhi ibaluleke kangakanani?
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi iyini inkanyezi, yiziphi izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
iyini inkanyezi
Ngokombono wezinkanyezi, izidalwa ezihlukahlukene ezikhona endaweni yonke zibizwa ngokuthi izinkanyezi, noma ngokwesiko, izindikimba zasemkhathini. Uma sikhuluma nje, izinkanyezi ziyisici esisodwa, ubukhona bazo okuye kwacatshangwa noma kwaqinisekiswa izindlela zesayensi zokubheka indawo, ngakho zakha isigaba sezindikimba zasemkhathini lapho izindikimba eziningi zasemkhathini zingaba khona, njenge izindandatho zeplanethi noma izinkanyezi, ibhande le-asteroid, yakhiwe ngezinto eziningi ezahlukene.
Izakhi zeplanethi yethu ezikhona emkhathini ziye zathakazelisa isintu kusukela kudala, futhi ziye zaqhubeka zibhekwa futhi ziqondwa ngezibonakude, ama-probe emkhathini, ngisho nohambo oluya enyangeni olwenziwe ngabantu. Ngenxa yale mizamo singakwazi ukufunda okuningi mayelana neminye imihlaba ekhona, imithala ewuphethe kanye nomkhathi ongapheli oqukethe konke.
Nokho, ngisho nangosizo lwezibonakude ezivamile. zonke izinkanyezi ezikhona azikwazi ukubonwa ngeso lenyama. Abanye baze badinge amathuluzi esayensi akhethekile, noma ubukhona babo bungathathwa kuphela emiphumeleni yabo yenyama kweminye imizimba ebazungezile.
izinkanyezi zesistimu yelanga
Isimiso sonozungezilanga, njengoba sisazi, igama lendawo yelanga lethu lapho amaplanethi nezinye izakhi zakha isimiso sezinto eziphilayo esiqondile emkhathini. Isuka enkabeni yeLanga ngokwalo iye onqenqemeni olungaphandle lwefu lezinto ezingaqondakali. eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Oort Cloud kanye ne-Kuiper Belt. Ubude besimiso sonozungezilanga ukuya kwiplanethi yayo yokugcina (i-Neptune) bungaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.500, okulingana namayunithi wezinkanyezi ezingu-30,10 (AU).
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinkanyezi ohlelweni sonozungezilanga, njenge:
- 1 inkanyezi yelanga
- 8 amaplanethi. I-Mercury, IVenus, Umhlaba, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
- 5 amaplanethi amancane. Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Makemake, kanye Haumea.
- Amasathelayithi emvelo angama-400.
- 3153 izinkanyezi ezinomsila.
Izinkanyezi
Izinkanyezi zingamabhola ashisayo egesi ne-plasma agcinwa ekuqhumeni okungapheli ngokuhlangana kwama-athomu ngenxa yokudonsa kwawo amandla adonsela phansi. Ukuqhuma kukhiqize inani elikhulu lokukhanya, imisebe ye-electromagnetic, ngisho nendaba, njenge ama-athomu e-hydrogen ne-helium eyayiwaqukethe aguqulwa aba izakhi ezisindayo, njengalezo ezakha iplanethi yethu.
Izinkanyezi zingaba izinhlobo ezahlukene, kuye ngobukhulu bazo, okuqukethwe kwe-athomu, nombala wokukhanya kwe-incandescent. Iplanethi eseduze kakhulu neplanethi yethu ilanga, nakuba ebusuku inani lezinkanyezi elishintshashintshayo lingabonakala ezindaweni ezikude esibhakabhakeni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinkanyezi ezingaba ngu-250.000.000 emthaleni wethu.
Amaplanethi
Amaplanethi ayizinto eziyindilinga ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ezakhiwe ngento efanayo yegesi eyabangela izinkanyezi, kodwa epholile ngokungenamkhawulo futhi ejiyile kakhudlwana, futhi ngenxa yalokho anezakhiwo ezihlukene zomzimba namakhemikhali. Kukhona amaplanethi egesi (njengeJupiter), amaplanethi anamatshe (njengeMercury), amaplanethi aneqhwa (njengeNeptune), futhi kukhona uMhlaba, okuwukuphela kweplanethi esiyaziyo enamanzi amaningi awuketshezi, ngakho-ke ukuphela kweplanethi enokuphila.
Kuye ngobukhulu bawo, kungase kuthiwe amaplanethi amancane kakhulu: amanye amancane kakhulu ukuba angaqhathaniswa namaplanethi avamile, kodwa amakhulu kakhulu ukuba angabhekwa njengama-asteroids, futhi akhona ngokuzimela, okungukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ayizinyanga noma cha. yanoma ubani
Amasathelayithi
Amaplanethi azungezayo, kungenzeka ukuthola izinkanyezi ezifanayo, kodwa ngesilinganiso esincane kakhulu, ezibanjwe amandla adonsela phansi emizileni eseduze noma eseduze, ngaphandle kokuwela kuwo noma ukuhlehla ngokuphelele.
Kunjalo ngenyanga okuwukuphela kwayo yeplanethi yethu: inyanga nezinkanyezi eziningi zamanye amaplanethi abalulekile, njenge. Izinyanga zeJupiter, ezilinganiselwa cishe kuma-79 namuhla. Lezi zinyanga zingase zibe nomsuka ofanayo nazo. Amaplanethi ahlobene, noma angase avele kweminye imithombo, adonswa nje amandla adonsela phansi, awagcine emzileni.
Ama-Kites
Izinkanyezi ezinomsila zaziwa njengezinto ezihambayo zazo zonke izinhlobo futhi zenziwe ngeqhwa, uthuli, namatshe avela emithonjeni ehlukene. Lezi zindikimba zasemkhathini zizungeza iLanga ngendlela eyi-elliptical, parabolic noma hyperbolic orbits futhi ziyabonakala ngoba njengoba zisondela enkanyezini, ukushisa kuncibilikisa izingqimba zazo zeqhwa futhi kuzinikeze “umsila” wegesi ohluke kakhulu. Izinkanyezi ezinomsila zaziwa njengengxenye yesimiso sonozungezilanga esinemigudu ebikezelwayo, njenge Inkanyezi enomsila kaHalley, okwenzeka kithi njalo ngemva kweminyaka engama-76.
Umsuka oqondile wezinkanyezi ezinomsila akwaziwa, kodwa konke kubonisa ukuthi zingase zivela emaqenjini ase-trans-Neptunian njenge-Oort Cloud noma i-Kuiper Belt emaphethelweni esimiso sonozungezilanga, cishe i-100.000 AU evela eLangeni.
Ama-Asteroids
Ama-asteroids yizinto ezinamatshe ezinezinhlanganisela eziningi (imvamisa izakhi zensimbi noma zamaminerali) kanye nezimo ezingajwayelekile, ezincane kakhulu kunamaplanethi noma izinyanga.
Ngaphandle komkhathi, ukuphila okuningi esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga kwakha ibhande elikhulu phakathi kweMars neJupiter elihlukanisa amaplanethi angaphakathi namaplanethi angaphandle. Abanye, esikhundleni salokho, ziyazulazula emkhathini, zinqamula imigudu yeplanethi noma zibe iziphuphutheki zenkanyezi ethile enkulu.
ama-meteoroids
Leli igama elinikezwe izinto ezincane kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga, ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-50 ububanzi kodwa ngaphezu kwama-micrometer ayi-100 (ngakho-ke inkulu kunothuli lwe-cosmic).
Zingase zibe izingcezu zenkanyezi enomsila nama-asteroids ebezilokhu zintenga, okungenzeka ukuthi zidonswa amandla adonsela phansi ale planethi, emkhathini wazo zaphenduka ama-meteorite. Lapho lezi zamuva zenzeka, ukushisa kokungqubuzana komoya osemkhathini kuyawashisisa futhi kuhwamulise ngokuphelele noma kancane. Kwezinye izimo, izingcezu ze-meteor zishaya phezu komhlaba.
Nebulae
I-Nebulae iqoqo legesi, ikakhulukazi i-hydrogen ne-helium, kanye nothuli lwe-cosmic nezinye izakhi, ezihlakazeke emkhathini, ezibanjwa kancane kancane amandla adonsela phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi lesi sakamuva sinamandla ngokwanele ukuqala ukucindezela yonke le nto yenkanyezi, kwakheka izinkanyezi ezintsha.
Lawa maqoqo egesi, wona, angaba umkhiqizo wokubhujiswa kwezinkanyezi, njenge-supernovae, noma ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezisele ohlelweni lokudala izinkanyezi ezincane. I-nebula eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba yi-Helix Nebula, iminyaka engu-650 yokukhanya ukusuka eLangeni.
Imithala
Amaqoqo ezinkanyezi, ngalinye okungenzeka libe nesimiso salo sonozungezilanga, kanye ne-nebulae, uthuli lwe-cosmic, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, amabhande asesibhakabhaka, nezinye izinto zasezulwini, zakha amayunithi amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi imithala.
Kuye ngenani lezinkanyezi ezakha umthala, singakhuluma ngemithala emincane (izinkanyezi ezingu-107) noma imithala emikhulu (izinkanyezi ezingu-1014); kodwa futhi singazihlukanisa zibe spiral, elliptical, lenticular and irregular.
Umthala lapho isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga sitholakala khona yiMilky Way, eqanjwe ngobisi lwebele lukaHera, unkulunkulukazi weqembu lempucuko yamaGreki asendulo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini inkanyezi, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.