Isikhathi, amahora, imizuzu, amasekhondi ... ongabhekanga inkulungwane kanye kanye ewashini usuku lonke ukubona ukuthi ufika sekwedlule isikhathi noma kusenesikhathi sokuqokwa, ukubona ukuthi usale malini ukuphuma emsebenzini noma umane Bona ukuthi isikhathi sakho sihamba masinyane kanjani lapho uzijabulisa nebha nabangani noma nomndeni. Kunabantu abaqhubekisela phambili iwashi ukuthi baqaphele kanti abanye bafika sekwedlule isikhathi kuyo yonke indawo ngoba abalibheki isikhathi ngesikhathi. Kepha ngokuqinisekile uzibuze umbuzo wokuthi, ngabe lizoba khona yini iwashi elivumelanisiwe ngokuphelele elimaka isikhathi esiqondile sawo wonke umuntu?
Yebo ikhona, futhi ibizwa iwashi le-athomu. Iwashi elisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-counter elisebenzisa i-resonance ye-athomu noma ukudlidliza. Iwashi elinembile elenziwa ngumuntu kuze kube manje. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yenziwa ngani? Qhubeka ufunde futhi wazi zonke izimfihlo zayo.
Isebenza kanjani iwashi le-athomu
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukwazi isikhathi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kungadingeka ukwenza izinhlelo zakho zansuku zonke futhi ube nokuzola. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ube newashi elibekwe kahle ukuze wazi kahle isikhathi sosuku okulo. Iwashi elisekuseni noma eliseduze kakhulu alisizi ngalutho kithi. Ngewashi le-athomu lokhu akwenzeki kithi ngoba kunjalo umuntu onembe kunabo bonke owake wenziwa.
Uma siliqhathanisa newashi lendabuko elenziwa ngemishini, elisekela ukusebenza kwalo kwi-pendulum, leli lihlukile. Eyokuqala isebenza nge-oscillation ehambisa uchungechunge lwamagiya ahambisana nomunye nomunye ukumaka isigqi esihlala njalo esikhomba ukudlula kwemizuzwana, imizuzu namahora. Kodwa-ke, iwashi le-athomu lisebenza ngemvamisa yokwahluka okunamandla kwama-athomu esifundeni semisebe ye-microwave electromagnetic.
Iwashi lisebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi iMaser. Kuyisikhulisi se-microwave sokukhishwa okukhuthazayo kwemisebe. Yize kuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, akuyona nje into engaphezu kwesistimu ekwazi ukukhulisa izimpawu ezibuthakathaka nokuziguqula zibe semiphethweni ye-microwave ye-spectrum ye-electromagnetic. Kufana ne-laser.
Le Maser ifakwa ngumsakazo nge imvamisa yamasekhondi angu-0,000000001 ngosuku. Ukunemba kwalokhu kupompa kukhulu kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho umthumeli womsakazo uhlanganiswa nobuningi bokwehluka kwemisebe ye-athomu, ama-ion akhona akwazi ukudonsa imisebe eshiwo nokukhipha ukukhanya. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamagagasi omsakazo.
Ukuguqulwa kwedatha kube yisikhathi
Lapho ion imunca imisebe futhi ikhipha ukukhanya, iseli elenza isithombe libamba umzuzu ngqo lapho kukhishwa khona ukukhanya futhi ngesekethe liqala ukuxhumana ngemitha. I-counter iyisiqephu esiphethe ukukwazi ukuqopha inani lezikhathi igagasi elilindelwe eliqala ukukhipha ngalo.
Yonke idatha etholakala ekhawunteni yezikhathi i-ion ekhipha ngayo ukukhanya idluliselwa kukhompyutha. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho yonke imisebenzi edingekayo ukuthumela ama-pulses kubamukeli iqala ukwenziwa. Abamukeli bokugcina yibo abasibonisa isikhathi esifanele.
I-isotope esetshenziselwa ukumunca imisebe futhi ikhiphe ukukhanya yi-Cesium 133. Le isotope iyashiswa ukuze ikwazi ukukhipha ama-athomu ayo futhi, ngamashaji kagesi anayo, ingaqhutshwa ngeshubhu elingenalutho elinensimu ye-electromagnetic esebenza njengesihlungi ukuze kuphela ama-athomu anesimo samandla adingekayo adlule. .
Ukubaluleka kwewashi le-athomu
Impela uke wacabanga ngokuba newashi le-athomu ukuze ube nokunemba okuhle kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ungalokothi wephuze ndawo. Kodwa-ke, iwashi elihloselwe ucwaningo olunikezwe ngokunemba kwalo okukhulu. Ayisetshenziswanga kuphela ukunika isikhathi izikhathi zokuphendula kwamakhemikhali noma ukwenza izivivinyo lapho isikhathi singukuhluka okubalulekile okufanele sikucabangele. Kuwusizo impela ukwazi ukuhluka okukhona ngejubane lesikhathi.
Kuze kube manje, okunye kokuhlolwa okuphelele futhi okudume kakhulu lapho iwashi le-athomu lisetshenzisiwe ukuthumela izindiza ezinhlangothini eziphambene emhlabeni wonke. Lapho izindiza zisuka lapho zivela khona, iwashi liyaqalwa nesikhathi esithatha ukuthi zombili zifike siyalinganiswa. Le yindlela okuqinisekiswa ngayo lokho Ukuhlobana okukhethekile kubambe. Okunye ukuzama ukubeka iwashi le-athomu egumbini elingaphansi kwesikweleti kanye nelinye ophahleni ukuze ubone umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Kulezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa udinga iwashi elinokunemba okukhulu.
Njengamanje, leli washi le-athomu lisetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwama-satellite e-GPS esijwayele ukuwasebenzisa kuma-smartphones ethu noma ezimotweni zethu. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi salezi zinsiza sinembile kakhulu. Ngokwalokho okungabonwa, ayinayo imingcele yokusebenzisa ilabhoratri, kepha isetshenziswa ngokungaqondile yithina sonke.
Singaba nayo iwashi le-athomu eliphathekayo?
Ngubani ongafuni ukuba newashi linembe njengaleli ezandleni zabo ukuze baye yonke indawo bazi isikhathi esiqondile. Noma kunjalo, amawashi e-athomu awanakufinyelela ezandleni zethu. Banenkinga enkulu futhi ngukuthi ukuze babe nokunemba okuhle kangaka kudinga izindawo ezizinzile kakhulu namazinga okushisa abandayo kakhulu. Kukulezi zindawo kuphela lapho ukucaca ngqo kwewashi le-athomu kugqama khona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amawashi esingawathola njengamanje zinembile impela futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi bekungeke kube nezinketho ezinhle zemakethe. Njengoba kunikezwe izingxenye zayo nobunzima bayo ekunakekelweni, kungaba iwashi elibiza kakhulu futhi bekungeke kwenziwe isembozo ezimakethe. Akunathemba elikhulu lokuthengisa elikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezinqubo zokuba newashi lewashi le-athomu.
Ungahlala ubheka abantu emhlabeni abangazi ukuthi benzeni ngemali yabo futhi mhlawumbe leli qembu labantu lizimisele ukukhokha amanani aphakeme kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lwewashi olunembe kangaka esihlakaleni sabo. Ukusho nje ukuthi banokuthile okuhlukile futhi okuhlukile kwabanye abantu kungaba yindlela enhle yezimakethe.
Noma kunjalo, luhlobo lwewashi oludingeka kakhulu kwisayensi futhi olusiza ukuqonda kangcono umhlaba esihlala kuwo.