Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, umphakathi wezesayensi we-Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) umangaze umhlaba ngesithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama owathathwa kumthala ongumakhelwane i-M87. Manje, ithimba elifanayo libonise okokuqala ubufakazi obubonakalayo obuqondile be ngesithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama emthaleni wethu, kusetshenziswa ukuqaphela okuvela kunethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yezibonakude zomsakazo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi isithombe somgodi omnyama emthaleni wethu sitholwe kanjani nokuthi sinayiphi imiphumela.
Thatha isithombe sembobo emnyama emthaleni wethu
Lena i-Sagittarius A*, umthombo wemisebe oshintshashintsha kakhulu oshintsha njalo. Ososayensi sebeneminyaka besebenzisa ama-algorithms ukuze bakhe kabusha ukuvela kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengokungathi "ifilimu", kodwa manje sebephumelele futhi benza izithombe zabo ezimile.
Ngaphezu kweqoqo lamaphepha ashicilelwe kuhlelo olukhethekile lwe-The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Ithimba Le-Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Lethule ingqophamlando namuhla ochungechungeni lwezingqungquthela zabezindaba zomhlaba wonke ngasikhathi sinye emhlabeni jikelele.
"Lesi isithombe sokuqala sikaSagittarius A*, umgodi omnyama omkhulukazi omaphakathi ne-Milky Way, okuyisilinganiso esikhulu ngokuphindwe ngezigidi ezine kuneLanga. Sinikeza ubufakazi bokuqala obubonakalayo bokuba khona kwazo, "kusho uSara Issaoun, i-Harvard Astrophysicist A Center Research Fellow, ekhuluma endlunkulu ye-European Southern Observatory (ESO) eMunich, eJalimane.
Imiphumela yanikeza ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuthi le nto ibiyimbobo emnyama futhi yanikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kwalezi zinkanyezi ezinkulu, okucatshangwa ukuthi ziphakathi nendawo yemithala eminingi.
Ngokusho kososayensi abangaphezu kuka-300 abavela ezikhungweni ze-80 ezihilelekile ekutholakaleni, umgodi omkhulu "unesisindo" esingaba yizigidi ezi-4, esifundeni esingesikhulu kunesistimu yethu sonozungezilanga, Iminyaka engu-27.000 yokukhanya ukusuka emhlabeni wethu. Ngokombono wethu, lilingana nedonadi enyangeni esibhakabhakeni.
ubufakazi bokuqala obubonakalayo
Isithombe siwukubuka okudala kulindelwe entweni enkulu emaphakathi nomthala wethu. Ososayensi babonile izinkanyezi ezizungeza izinto ezinkulu kakhulu, ezihlangene, ezingabonakali phakathi nendawo ye-Milky Way. Lokhu kuphakamisa ngokuqinile ukuthi indikimba yasezulwini iSadge A* iyimbobo emnyama.
Nakuba singakwazi ukuyibona imbobo emnyama ngokwayo ngoba imnyama bhuqe, igesi ekhazimulayo eyizungezile iveza isici esihlukile: indawo emaphakathi emnyama (ebizwa ngokuthi isithunzi) ezungezwe isakhiwo esiyindandatho ekhanyayo. Ukubuka okusha kuthwebula ukukhanya okugotshwe amandla adonsela phansi embobo emnyama.
"Samangala ukuthi ubukhulu bendandatho buhambisana kahle nezibikezelo zenkolelo evamile ka-Einstein yokuhlobana," kusho uGeoffrey Bower, usosayensi omkhulu wephrojekthi ye-EHT e-Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei. “Lokhu okubonwe okungakaze kubonwe kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqonda kwethu okwenzeka enkabeni yomthala wethu kanye hlinzeka ngemininingwane emisha yokuthi izimbobo ezinkulu ezimnyama zixhumana kanjani nendawo yazo".
Ukubuka into enjalo ekude kungadinga isibonakude esilingana noMhlaba, noma ngabe cishe noma ngokulinganayo, futhi yilokho i-EHT engakufeza. Iqukethe izibonakude zomsakazo eziyisishiyagalombili ezitholakala eChile, e-United States, eMexico, eSpain naseSouth Pole. E-USA, eqhutshwa yi-European Southern Observatory (ESO) kanye nabanye ozakwethu bamazwe ngamazwe ogwadule lwase-Atacama eChile, eYurophu i-Institute for Millimetric Radio Astronomy (IRAM) eSierra Nevada (Granada) igqamile.
I-EHT ibone i-Sagittarius A* ubusuku obuningana obulandelanayo, iqoqa idatha amahora, okufana nokusebenzisa ukukhanya okude kukhamera emile. Phakathi kwezibonakude zomsakazo ezakha i-EHT, i-antenna ye-IRAM ye Amamitha angu-30 ubude adlale indima ebalulekile ekuqapheliseni, okuvumela ukuthola izithombe zokuqala.
Ngesu elibizwa ngokuthi i-interferometry yereferensi ende (VLBI, esebenzisa ukusebenza kwezibalo esikhundleni samalensi), amasignali avela kuzo zonke izibonakude zomsakazo ahlanganisiwe futhi idatha yawo yacutshungulwa ngama-algorithms namakhompiyutha amakhulu ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha isithombe esihle kakhulu.
UThalia Traianou, umcwaningi e-Andalusian Institute of Astrophysics (IAA-CSIC), uyanezela: “Ubuchwepheshe buzosivumela ukuba sithole izithombe ezintsha zemigodi emnyama ngisho namafilimu.”
Izimbobo ezimbili ezifanayo ezimnyama
Mayelana nesithombe somgodi omnyama kumthala i-M87 owathathwa ngo-2019, ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi izimbobo ezimbili ezimnyama zibukeka zifana kakhulu, noma imbobo emnyama emthaleni wethu. incane ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1000 futhi inkulu kakhulu kune-M87*, okuyindawo eqhele nge-light-year eyizigidi ezingama-55. Inkanyezi enkulu inesisindo samalanga ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-6.500 kanye nobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.000, okusho ukuthi isimiso sonozungezilanga kuze kufike eNeptune sizongena kuso.
"Sinezinhlobo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele zemithala kanye nezixuku ezimbili ezihlukene kakhulu zemigodi emnyama, kodwa eduze nemiphetho yalezi zimbobo ezimnyama, zibukeka zifana ngendlela emangalisayo," kusho uSera Markoff, usihlalo ohlangene we-EHT Science Committee kanye noprofesa we-astrophysics ethiory. eNyuvesi yase-Amsterdam. Lokhu kusitshela ukuthi ukuhlobana okujwayelekile kulawula lezi zinto eduze, nokuthi noma yikuphi ukuhluka esikubona kude kubangelwa umehluko endabeni ezungeze imbobo emnyama. »
Yile ndlela uRoberto Emparan, isazi sesayensi yemvelo kanye noprofesa we-ICREA e-Institute of Cosmology yase-University of Barcelona, echaza ngayo ku-SMC Spain: "Okwamanje, singasho ukuthi ukufana phakathi kwesithombe se-M87 * kusukela ku-2019 isithombe samanje sivela ku-SgrA * ebonisa ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbobo emnyama ingakanani, indawo eseduze nomgodi omnyama ifana kakhulu. Okulandelayo kuzositshela kabanzi mayelana nezakhiwo zendaba ezungeze imbobo emnyama, futhi singakwazi ukusho ukuthi into iyilokho okwabikezelwa imfundiso ka-Einstein, noma 'umkhohlisi' noma 'i-copycat' engavamile."
UGonzalo J. Olmo, uprofesa woMnyango we-Theoretical Physics kanye ne-IFIC ye-Hybrid Center ye-University of Valencia kanye ne-CSIC, kanye no-Diego Rubiera-García, umcwaningi weThalente woMnyango we-Theoretical Physics we-Complutense University yaseMadrid uhambisana. "Nakuba le nto inkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane kunezinto ezibonwa namuhla ku-Milky Way, ukufana kwayo nembobo yethu emnyama 'encane' kubonisa ukujwayelekile kwe-physics echaza lezi zinto", bagcizelela ku-SMC Spain.
Nokho, imiphumela yanamuhla inzima kakhulu kune-M87*, nakuba iSagittarius A* iseduze. Ithimba bekumele lithuthukise amathuluzi amasha asezingeni eliphezulu ukuchaza ukuhamba kwegesi ku-Sgr A*. Nakuba i-M87* iyilensi elula futhi ezinzile, cishe zonke izithombe zibukeka zifana, i-Sgr A* ayifani.
"Igesi eseduze nomgodi omnyama ihamba ngesivinini esifanayo, cishe ngokushesha njengokukhanya, eduze ne-Sagittarius A* ne-M87*," kuchaza usosayensi we-EHT u-Chi-kwan Chan we-Steward Observatory kanye noMnyango Wezinkanyezi Nedatha. I-University of Arizona, kuyilapho igesi ithatha izinsuku ukuya emavikini ukuzungeza i-M87* enkulu, iSagittarius A* encane kakhulu iqeda umjikelezo ngemizuzu."
"Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhanya nephethini yegesi ezungeze i-Sagittarius A* kushintsha ngokushesha njengoba i-EHT ibambisana ukuyibuka: kufana nokuzama ukuthola isithombe esicacile somdlwane ojaha umsila wawo ngokusheshawaqhubeka.
Isithombe se-Sgr A* sembobo emnyama siyisilinganiso sezithombe ezihlukene iqembu elizikhiphile, ekugcineni siveze inkanyezi enkulu maphakathi ne-Milky Way okokuqala ngqa.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezithombe ezithathwe umgodi omnyama emthaleni wethu.