Kusukela i-astronomy iqale ukufundwa kuze kube namuhla, kube nenqubekela phambili eminingi ezingeni lobuchwepheshe nelokuhlola. Le nqubekela phambili ifinyelele ezingeni lokuthi sesivele siyibonile i- isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama. Umgodi wokuqala omnyama oke wabonwa yisifunda esimnyama nesinqunyelwe isikhathi sesikhala. Itholakala eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-55 yokukhanya kusuka kwiplanethi yethu emthaleni iMessier 87.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngesithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama nezici zawo.
Isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama
Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi ngenxa yamabanga akule mibobo emnyama, kunzima ukuthola izithombe nolwazi ngayo. Isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama sitholakale emthaleni we-Messier 87 futhi siyabonakala isifunda esimnyama esinda njengamalanga ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ngasikhathi. Kungashiwo ukuthi ubunzima bokukwazi ukuthwebula isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama buyafana nokubamba iwolintshi ebusweni bomhlaba ebusweni benyanga.
Ukubonakala kwesithombe sokuqala esimnyama se-halogen kusikhumbuza iso leSauron. Ngenxa yemiphumela etholwe kulokhu kubheka, umbono ka-Einstein wokuhlobana okujwayelekile ungaqinisekiswa. Lokhu kuyimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu kumuntu lapho Bangaphezu kuka-200 ososayensi abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene ababambe iqhaza. Ubukhona bemigodi emnyama kuye kwabuzwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla bolwazi, lokhu akusenjalo. Siyayibona imiphumela eqondile nengaqondile yemigodi emnyama ezinkanyezini, imithala nasemafwini egesi. Yonke le miphumela ibikezelwe ngombono ka-Einstein wokuhlobana okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwe umkhawulo wobuchwepheshe, omunye wabo akakaze abonwe.
U-Einstein wayeqinisile
Umphumela wempumelelo yalolu phenyo ukwazi ukuthola isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama awudalwanga nje kuphela yilaba sosayensi abangama-200, kodwa sonke isikhathi sokuhlaziywa nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha okuthathe iminyaka eminingana. Ngaphezu kwesithombe, kwethulwe izindatshana eziyisithupha zesayensi lapho kuchazwa khona konke okutholakele ngomkhathi okwaziwa kakhulu kithi.
Lesi sithombe besibaluleke kakhulu njengoba siyisiqinisekiso salokho okwabikezelwa ezimweni zika-Einstein. I-black hole phenomenon yayiyinto cishe u-Einstein uqobo ayenqena ukuyamukela. Kodwa-ke, namuhla kuyaziwa ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwesayensi ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama singenise inkathi entsha ye-astrophysics lapho ukuvivinywa kwezilinganiso zika-Einstein maqondana namandla adonsela phansi kungavivinywa.
I-Sagittarius A * umgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu enkabeni yeMilky Way. Kungabonwa ngezibonakude. Ososayensi bachazile ukuthi ulwazi alukakaxazululwa ukwazi amandla alesi sigodi esimnyama. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungumgodi osebenza ngokweqile, yize kudingeka ukubonwa okuningi nokuhlaziywa ukuze kunikezwe iziphetho ezifanele.
Isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama sibonga ubuchwepheshe
Amasu nobuchwepheshe bokubuka indawo yonke kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Ungathola imininingwane eminingi ukuqonda ukuthi indawo yonke isebenza kanjani. Umsuka we-cosmic uyinjongo yokugcina yalo lonke ulwazi umuntu azama ukuluthola ngomhlaba. Kungenxa yobuchwepheshe ukuthi isithombe somgodi wokuqala omnyama sithathiwe. Zonke izibonakude ezisetshenzisiwe ziqoqe amagagasi aqhamuka emigodini emnyama enobude bemitha eyimilimitha elilodwa. Le wavelength iyona engadlula ezikhungweni zemithala ezigcwele uthuli negesi.
Inselelo yokukwazi ukuthola isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama yayinkulu kakhulu ngoba izinto ezizoboniswa zikude kakhulu futhi zinosayizi omncane. Umnyombo weM87 unobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40.000 futhi utholakala eminyakeni elula engu-55. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi kube yinselelo kusukela ukubonwa okudingekayo ukulungiselela imishini kudinga amashifu omsebenzi afinyelela emahoreni ayi-18 ngosuku. Into ebinzima kakhulu kube wukuhlaziya yonke imininingwane eqoqiwe.
Ukuthola umbono wenani elikhulu lolwazi obekumele licutshungulwe, kwathathwa ama-petabyte ama-5 wolwazi. Lokhu kungafaniswa "nesisindo" obekungadingeka ukuthi zonke izingoma ze-MP3 zidlale iminyaka eyi-8.000 ngaphandle kokuma.
Izici zemigodi emnyama
Le mibobo emnyama ayilutho ngaphandle kwezinsalela zezinkanyezi zasendulo ezingasekho. Izinkanyezi ngokuvamile zinenani eliminyene lezinto nezinhlayiya, ngakho-ke, zinamandla amakhulu adonsela phansi. Kumele ubone nje ukuthi iLanga likwazi kanjani ukuba namaplanethi ayi-8 nezinye izinkanyezi ezizungezile ngendlela eqhubekayo. Ngenxa yesisindo seLanga yingakho Uhlelo lomkhathi. Umhlaba uhehwa yiwo, kepha akusho ukuthi sisondela kakhulu kwiLanga.
Izinkanyezi eziningi ziqeda izimpilo zazo njengezinkanyezi ezimhlophe noma izinkanyezi ze-neutron. Izimbobo ezimnyama ziyisigaba sokugcina ekuguqukeni kwalezi zinkanyezi ezazinkulu kakhulu kuneLanga. Yize iLanga kucatshangwa ukuthi likhulu, kuseseyinkanyezi emaphakathi (noma incane uma siliqhathanisa nezinye). . Le ndlela inezinkanyezi eziphindwe kayishumi nakayi-10 ubukhulu beLanga okuthi uma ziphela ukuba khona zenze umgodi omnyama.
Njengoba lezi zinkanyezi ezinkulu zifinyelela ekupheleni kwezimpilo zazo, ziyaqhuma enhlekeleleni enkulu esiyazi njenge-supernova. Kulokhu kuqhuma, inkanyezi eningi ihlakazeka emkhathini futhi izingcezu zayo zizulazula emkhathini isikhathi eside. Akuzona zonke izinkanyezi eziqhumayo nezisakazekayo. Okunye okuhlala "kubanda" yilokho okungancibiliki.
Lapho inkanyezi isencane, i-fusion yenuzi idala amandla nengcindezi engapheli ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi angaphandle. Le ngcindezi namandla eyakhayo yikho okukugcina ukulingana. Amandla adonsela phansi adalwa ubukhulu benkanyezi uqobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzinsalela ze-inert ezisele ngemuva kwe-supernova akukho mandla angamelana nokuheha kwamandla ayo, ngakho-ke okusele kwenkanyezi kuqala ukuziphindisela emuva. Lokhu kwenziwa yimigodi emnyama.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama sitholakale kanjani.