Esinye sezimo zezulu esikhona emhlabeni esinezimo ezimbi kakhulu yi isimo sezulu sasogwadule. Kubonakala ikakhulu ngokuba nengxenye enkulu yesomiso okubangelwa ukushoda kwemvula yaminyaka yonke. Luhlobo lwesimo sezulu lapho inqubo ye-evapotranspiration namazinga okushisa aphezulu abusa khona. Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo sezakhiwe eminyakeni edlule ngezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene eziye zakha lezi zici ezihlukile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, imvelaphi nokubaluleka kwesimo sezulu esisehlane.
Isimo sezulu sasehlane
Esimweni sezulu esisehlane, inqubo ye-evapotranspiration iyabusa. Ukulahleka komswakama okwenziwe endaweni ethile ngenxa yokuhwamuka okuqondile okubangelwa yimisebe yelanga nokwanda kwamazinga okushisa. Kulokhu kwanezelwa ukujuluka okuncane okukhona okuvela emanzini ezitshalo. Isimo se-evapotranspiration senza ukuthi inani lemvula lihlale ku- inani eliphansi kakhulu unyaka wonke. Amanani ahlala kuma-250 mm ngonyaka. Kuyidatha noma kuyindlala impela, okukhombisa ukungabi bikho kwezimila nomswakama emvelweni. Enye yezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni njengesibonelo sesimo sezulu sogwadule yihlane laseSahara.
Le nqubo ye-evapotranspiration nayo iyenzeka ngenxa yokuhlelwa lapho kutholakala khona ukukhululeka. Kungenzeka ukuthi izingwadule ezithile eziseduze nemisinga yolwandle olubandayo zikhawulele noma zivimbele ukuhwamuka, ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze amazinga omswakamo aphelele. Izici esizibalulile yilezo ezakha imvelo eyaziwa ngokuthi izingwadule ezisogwini.
Isimo sezulu sasogwadule ngokuvamile sibonakala ngokuba seduze kwendawo eshisayo. Ububanzi lapho kutholakala khona izingwadule eziningi cishe bungaba ngu-15 no-35 degrees. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo kunezibonelo zombili izitshalo nezilwane eziguqulwe zahambisana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezikhona. Lezi zinhlobo zikhiqiza ukuzivumelanisa nale ndlela yokuphila izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kudingeke ukuthi baguqule ukuthuthukisa izici ezithile ukuze bakwazi ukulwa nokushoda kwamanzi nokwehla kwamazinga okushisa.
Uma sibhekisa kwezinye izingwadule, ingahlotshaniswa nenani elikhulu lesihlabathi namazinga okushisa afudumele kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, isimo sezulu esigwadule isimo sezulu esomile singakhula kahle e-Antarctica nasenyakatho ye-arctic. Futhi ukuthi isimo sezulu sasogwadule asigcini ngokugoqelwa ogwadule, kepha futhi sincike kakhulu kumswakama.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu lungenzeka ezindaweni ezibandayo ngoba luthola umswakama omncane kakhulu futhi lutholwa ngesimo seqhwa. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi imvula kulezi zimo zezulu ivela ngezikhathi ezithile, yingakho iziveza njengesiphepho sikagesi. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yezulu yenzeke, imifudlana nenhlabathi zigcwala ngamanzi njengoba zingenako ukungena okuningi. Yilapho lapho khona ukugeleza kwamanzi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusatshalalisweni kwamanzi. Lezi zimvula zihlala emahoreni ambalwa futhi kwenzeka okufanayo ngokugeleza kwamanzi. Ngokunikezwa ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu nohlobo lomhlabathi, amanzi ngokuvamile ayahwamuka kalula.
Phakathi kwezici isimo sezulu sasogwadule esivelele sithola ukungabi khona komswakama. Kuyisici esivelela kakhulu lolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu. Ukoma kuza kuqala kulezi zindawo. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi umhlaba womile kakhulu, kodwa kanjalo nomoya. Izifunda eziningi ezinesimo sezulu esisehlane ziba namaphesenti aphezulu okuhwamuka kunemvula. Konke lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwenetha lomswakama. Kwezinye izingwadule ezishisayo, imvula iyakwazi ukuhwamuka ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuvela iziqephu zemvula ezinamandla, zivame ukudala ukuqhuma kokuphila kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izindawo eziwugwadule zingabhekwa njengezingahlali ndawo ngokuphelele.
Ukushisa namakhaza ezinye izici ezimbili ezenza isimo sezulu sogwadule sigqame. Futhi ngukuthi ngenkathi ezinye izingwadule zihlala zinjalo futhi zimbili unyaka wonke, ezinye izindawo ezomile zinobusika obubanda kakhulu nehlobo elishisayo. Kukhona futhi izingwadule ezinokushiswa okushisa kakhulu kwansuku zonke phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, amazinga okushisa asebusika ahlangabezana nalezi zindawo awekho ndawo lapho kubanda khona kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, yize kunobusuku obubandayo, njengoba bungekho utshani bokugcina ukushisa okutholwe emini, amanani aphansi anjalo awarekhodwa.
Bafaka ukulandelana kwakho konke lokhu, isihambi esingazilungiselele asikwazi ukuvezwa isimo sezulu esomile ngoba singabonakala ngenxa yokushaywa ukushisa emini noma sibulawe yi-hypothermia ebusuku.
Izici zesimo sezulu sasehlane
Kulolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu ukuhwamuka kukhulu kunemvula. Izinga lokuhwamuka linenani eliphakeme kunezinga lemvula. Yilokhu okwenza inhlabathi ingavumeli ukukhulelwa kwempilo yezitshalo. Ezindaweni zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi banesilinganiso samasentimitha angama-20 emvula ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, inani lokuhwamuka lidlula amasentimitha angama-200. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga lokuhwamuka lifinyelela ezikhathini eziyi-10 ngaphezu kwezinga lemvula. Ngenxa yalokhu, umswakama uphansi kakhulu.
Amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile alezi zifunda ezomile angama-18 degrees. Leli nani lokushisa lishintsha amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Ungathola amanani afinyelela kuma-degree angama-30. Konke ukukhishwa ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokushoda kwezimila ezingalawula amazinga okushisa kahle. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi ishisa kakhulu emini futhi ibanda kakhulu ebusuku.
Ngokuqondene nemvula, ayigcini nje ngokuntuleka kepha futhi ayijwayelekile. Sonke lesi simo singenxa yethonya eliqhubekayo kepha elibizwa ngokuthi ama-anticyclone asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu, kunezinyanga ezomile kodwa futhi zinezinyanga zemvula. Ezingwadule, njalo ngenyanga yonyaka zihlala zomile. Ukuzikisa, lapho kwenzeka, kwenzeka njengezimvula ezinkulu. Lamanzi avamise ukondla imifula yasogwadule eyaziwa ngegama le-wadis. Yize iqiniso lokuthi imvula iningi, yize imfishane, ayikaze ifike olwandle selokhu yoma ngaphambi kokuqeda uhambo. Ama-wadis ahlala omile cishe unyaka wonke.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngesimo sezulu sogwadule nezimpawu zalo.