Siyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezulu emhlabeni, ezinakekela izici ezahlukahlukene zazo ngamunye. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngaye isimo sezulu esomile. Yilolo hlobo lwesimo sezulu oluletha imvula emaphakathi minyaka yonke nangaphansi kokuhwamuka nokuphefumula okwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngamanye amagama, inani lamanzi elifakwe ku-ecosystem lingaphansi kwalelo elahlekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba umoya womile kakhulu, kunamafu ambalwa futhi isenzo selanga sinamandla kakhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, okuguqukayo nokubaluleka kwesimo sezulu esomile.
Izici eziyinhloko
Esimweni sezulu esomile, ihlobo liyashisa kakhulu futhi kuyaqabukela line. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesikhathi sasebusika amazinga okushisa angaba makhaza ngandlela thile noma afudumele, kepha ubusuku buhlala bubanda njalo. Zibonakala kakhulu ngokuba nomehluko omkhulu emazingeni okushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Isimo sezulu esomile senziwa ngenxa yokusakazwa komoya emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuya ngephethini yokujikeleza kwe-we know ukuthi umoya nokufudumala ivame ukuphakama emkhathini futhi ikhuthazwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa umoya ulahlekelwa yingxenye yomhwamuko wawo wamanzi.
Lapho kuphuma umoya oshisayo uhlangana nezinye izingqimba ezipholile phezulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ibuyela emuva ngamakhulu amakhilomitha ukusuka enkabazwe iphinde ifudumale futhi njengoba yehla. Lapho umoya wehla usuka ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ulahlekelwa umhwamuko owengeziwe wamanzi uze lapha onikeza umoya owomile ngokuphelele. Ngokunikeza isizathu sokuthi kungani isimo sezulu esomile sibuswa umoya onomswakama omncane.
Kunezinye izinto futhi ezisebenzisanayo ekukhiqizeni izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esomile. Isibonelo, izintaba eziphakeme kakhulu zinesibopho sokuvimba imimoya egcwele umswakama ovela kulolu lwandle. Endaweni ephakeme, izintaba ziphoqa umoya ukuba uphakame. Njengoba umoya ukhuphuka uyapholisa futhi ube nemvula emithambekeni yawo. Elinye lamafu likhiphe wonke amanzi, umoya osele uzosala nomswakama ophansi kakhulu. Lokhu kuqinisa ukoma kwamahlane nezintaba.
Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi ngemuva kwezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu, kunomfula obanzi obanzi, isimo sezulu esivelele somile.
Ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu esomile
Ake sibheke ukuthi iziphi izinto eziguquguqukayo zesimo sezulu ezivelele esimweni sezulu esomile:
- Imvula encane: Siyazi ukuthi isici esivelele sezulu esomile esivelele yimvula ephansi futhi engandile. Ezindaweni ezomile noma eziwugwadule kukhona amanani emvula angamasentimitha angama-35 kuphela ngonyaka. Kwezinye izingwadule kuneminyaka lapho ingatholi nethonsi lemvula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-steppes athola imvula ethe xaxa kepha awanawo amanani angaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50 ngonyaka. Inani lemvula elinayo kulezi zindawo lisebenza kuphela ukugcina utshani nezihlahlana ezihlakazekile. Azikho izimila ezinhlobo lomuthi ezingasekelwa. Izimila ezigqame kakhulu utshani nezihlahla.
- Izandiso ezinkulu: Esinye isici sesimo sezulu esomile ukuthi izifunda lapho zitholakala khona zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu. Izifunda ezomile nezingenamanzi omhlaba zenza cishe u-26% womhlaba wonke. Yile ndlela esazi ngayo ukuthi isimo sezulu esomile sinezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu. Kulezi zindawo, izitshalo nezilwane ziye zajwayela ukuhlala nemvula ephansi kakhulu, imimoya eyomile namazinga okushisa aphezulu unyaka wonke.
- Ukwanda komhwamuko: Njengoba sishilo phambilini, isimo sezulu esomile sigqama ngokuba nemvula ephansi kunokuhwamuka futhi kudlule ngesenzo sezitshalo. Ezifundeni ezomile kakhulu eMiddle East kunezilinganiso zaminyaka yonke zamasentimitha angama-20 emvula, kanti amanani wonyaka wokuhwamuka nokuphefumula angaphezu kuka-200 cm. Lokhu kuhwamuka okwedlulele kunomthelela ekubeni nenhlabathi eyomile futhi ewugqinsi lapho izimila zincane khona.
- Amazinga okushisa aphezulu: ukuhlukahluka okubanzi kwamazinga okushisa kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka kanye nansuku zonke. Njengoba imisebe yelanga iqonde kakhulu kulezi zindawo, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku kukweqile. Siyazi ukuthi izingwadule zinehlobo elishisa kakhulu, kanti ubusuku bupholile kanti ubusika abumnene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingwadule ezibandayo zinobusika obungabanda kakhulu, amazinga okushisa aze abe ngaphansi kwezinga-qhwa.
Izimbali nezimila zesimo sezulu esomile
Njengoba sishilo, kunezitshalo nezilwane obekufanele zivumelane nalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu ukuze ziphile. Sizohlaziya ukuthi iziphi izitshalo nezimila ezikhona esimweni sezulu esomile. Ezinye zezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu kulezi zindawo yizo esizokhuluma ngazo:
- I-Nopal cactus: kuyisitshalo esakhiwa ngamaphakethe ayindilinga amaningi akhula esiqwini esikhulu, esiyindilinga. Onke amaphedi ambozwe ngameva, abezoba ngamaqabunga awo. Lamashidi abunjwe ngale ndlela ukunciphisa indawo engaphezulu nokunciphisa izinga lokujuluka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasiza ukuvikela isitshalo ezilwaneni ezidla kakhulu ezisidla kuso. Kudingeka ikwazi ukonga inani eliphezulu lamanzi elingenzeka ngaphakathi kwalo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumjuluko, ngenkathi kwenziwa inqubo ye-photosynthesis.
- ISaguaro cactus: iyi-cactus isikhumba sayo sibushelelezi futhi simanzi futhi inohlobo lwezimbambo ezisukela phezulu kuye ezansi kuso sonke isitshalo. Amagatsha awo akhula ame mpo futhi isiqu singakhula futhi sikhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Izinsika zayo zingama-5 cm ubude futhi zitholakala ezimbanjeni eziqondile.
- Amafu ogwadule: yizitshalo eziphuma ezimpandeni zazo futhi ziqhutshwa umoya. Imvamisa zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu zingaze zibe isitshalo esinezimbali ezinameva. Izinsika zisebenza ukunciphisa indawo elahlekelwa amanzi ngayo. Zaziwa ngegama lama-estepicursoras, yizona ezijwayelekile ezibonwa kumabhayisikobho asentshonalanga afana ne-tumbleweed. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthwala bayakwazi ukusabalalisa imbewu yabo emhlabathini.
Fauna
Izilwane zidale ukuzivumelanisa okuhlukahlukene kukho konke ukuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuze zikwazi ukusinda kulezi zindawo. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezici zazo:
- I-Rattlesnake: Kunezinhlobo eziningi zenyoka futhi amaphethini ezinyawo zawo ayafana kodwa anemibala ehlukene. Inekhanda elimise okonxantathu nensimbi ekugcineni komsila. Banekhono elihle lokufihla futhi ukudla kwabo kuyadla.
- Udeveli onamandla: yisibankwa esilingana lesandla. Inezinhlobonhlobo ezimise okwekhoni kanye ne-hump esebenza ukuzivikela.
- I-Coyote: uboya bazo bunsundu futhi buhlanganiswe nezinwele ezinsundu, ezimpunga noma ezimnyama. Zondla kakhulu onogwaja namanye amagundane.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngesimo sezulu esomile nezici zakhona.