El isimo sezulu esipholile yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe isuka e-Arctic Circle iye eTropic of Cancer. ENingizimu Nenkabazwe, izimo zezulu ezipholile zisuka e-Antarctic Circle ziye eTropic of Cancer. Lezi zifunda zinezinkathi zonyaka ezine zonyaka, kuye ngobubanzi bazo. Amazinga okushisa ajwayele ukuhluka kakhulu, futhi kuye ngokuthi i-latitude yakho, futhi imvula nayo inqunywa kakhulu inkathi yonyaka.
Sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nesimo sezulu esishisayo, izici zaso nokubaluleka.
Izici eziyinhloko
Isimo sezulu esipholile siwuhlobo lwesimo sezulu esinezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lanyanga zonke, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi inyanga efudumele ingaphezulu kuka-10℃ kanti izinga lokushisa enyangeni ebanda kakhulu lingaphezu kuka -3℃. Isilinganiso semvula ngonyaka siphakathi kuka-600 mm no-2000 mm.
Indawo yesimo sezulu esishisayo imvamisa itholakala phakathi kwesimo sezulu esishisayo kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo, okungukuthi, indawo ephakathi kuka-45º kanye no-60º enyakatho nelatitude eningizimu. Yizindawo lapho izinkathi ezine zonyaka zenzeka khona.
Esimeni sezulu esipholile kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo, futhi wuhlobo lwesimo sezulu esivumayo kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemisebenzi yabantu efana nezolimo, izimboni nempilo yokuhlala.
Izimo zezulu ezipholile zibonakala ngokuthi:
- Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lanyanga zonke limaphakathi.
- Sethula izinkathi ezine ezihlukene zonyaka.
- Izimvula zonyaka zikhona, ikakhulukazi ebusika.
- Ivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitshalo, njenge-savannah nehlathi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezilwane ezihlukahlukene kuvunyelwe.
- Nikeza izimo ezanele zokuthuthukiswa kwempucuko.
- Isuka e-Arctic Circle iye eTropic of Cancer eNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi isuka e-Antarctic Circle iye eCapricorn eseNingizimu Nenkabazwe.
Izinhlobo zesimo sezulu esipholile
Izimo zezulu ezipholile ziveza izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ngaphakathi kwezigaba zazo, futhi kutholakala izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko:
- i-mediterranean epholile. Ibonakala ngehlobo elide, elomile, elinelanga kanye nobusika obufushane, obupholile kanye nezimvula eziningi.
- indawo yezwekazi elipholile. Ibonakala ngomehluko wokushisa phakathi kobusika nehlobo, ukushisa nemvula ehlobo nokubanda nokomisa ebusika.
- Efudumele futhi emanzi. Ibonakala ngamahlobo amade, ashisayo anemvula eningi. Ubusika bufushane futhi bumaphakathi.
- I-Ocean Temperament. Ibonakala ngokudlulela olwandle. Amazinga okushisa avamise ukubanda futhi izimvula zasebusika ziningi.
Izitshalo nezilwane zesimo sezulu esipholile
Isimo sezulu esipholile sinikeza izimo ezanele zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo nezilwane. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Izimbali: inikeza izinhlobo eziningana zezindawo ezinotshani nezihlahla ezifana nama-oki, ama-conifers nama-larches. Ivumela ukwakheka kwamahlathi, amahlathi aminyene kanye nezindawo ezinotshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenzuzo ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezingase zisetshenziswe abantu, njengommbila, i-quinoa, ukolweni, imifino, izithelo, njll.
- Izilwane zasendle. Ibonisa izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezijwayele ukufuduka ukuze zigweme izinkathi ezibandayo, ezinye zinekhono lokulala ukuze zibekezelele ubusika, njengamabhere, izingwejeje, nama-opossum. Ezinye izilwane ezivamile endaweni epholile yilezi: ama-elk, ama-lynx, ama-pampas deer, amalulwane, ama-voles, ama-pumas, izimpungushe, amakhadinali nezinkozi.
Izitha zotshani zasePampas noma izizinda ezinotshani ezipholile zibusa indawo ephansi yePlata. Ngaphandle kwezimo zayo ezipholile, ifana kakhulu ne-savannah kanye iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zotshani obunzima, obuthambile, nobumuncu (stipa) ezisekela izindawo ezinotshani ezidumile zasePampas. Ngezinye izikhathi iqembu elincane lezihlahla lingaba izinsalela zehlathi elikhulu. Kunoma yikuphi, izindawo ezinotshani zemvelo ziye zathathelwa indawo izitshalo namadlelo okwenziwa futhi zacekelwa phansi kakhulu imfuyo.
Uhlaza lubonakala ngezithako ezinotshani ezifudumele nezipholile ezinezihlahla kanye nameva ohlobo lweRobinia. I-Valdivia ibuswa ukujabula amahlathi athokomele futhi ashisayo, anezinhlobonhlobo ze-oki, ama-larch nokunye. Ihlathi lase-Valdivia liyindawo ebalulekile yezingodo zezinhlobo zemvelo ezweni lethu futhi liye laxhashazwa kusukela ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule: (coigües, mañíos, olivillos, lingues, canelos, njll.). Esifundeni esifanayo, kodwa e-Andes, amahlathi amahle e-coniferous ohlobo lwe-araucaria athuthukile, kuyilapho eningizimu amahlathi e-larch acishe ashabalala ngenxa yezimayini ezingakhethi (Chiloé).
Curiosities
Kukhona uchungechunge lwama-toponyms, okusho ukuthi ama-toponyms, afakazela isimo sezulu esishisayo saseSpain. Ngakho-ke, igama elithi Islas de la Suerte belisetshenziswa eziqhingini zaseCanary kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. ngenxa yesimo sezulu esihle. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuchichimayo unyaka wonke, isifunda saseCosta de la Málaga saziwa nangokuthi iCosta del Sol. Isimo esifanayo sikhona eCosta de Huelva, ebizwa ngokuthi iCosta de la Luz ngenxa yokufana kwayo nesimo sezulu. I-Costa del Sol.
Kwezinye izimo, igama lendawo alibonisi isimo sezulu esivumayo, kodwa libonisa isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka eSierra Nevada noma eNevada, noma ezifundeni ezomile ezaziwa njengezingwadule, njenge-Tabenas e-Almería noma i-Los Monegros e-Zaragoza.
Isimo sezulu kwesinye isikhathi siyagxila kakhulu kosopolitiki, futhi ezikhathini eziningi, izinqumo zabo ezindabeni ezithinta isimo sezulu ziyamangaza ngempela. Inkulumo-mpikiswano yanamuhla igxile kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa esikhathini esidlule kuye kwaba nezinye izizathu eziye zaholela ababusi ukuba baphakamise "izixazululo" zokuziphatha okungavamile kwesimo sezulu eSpain.
Ngo-1973, ungqongqoshe wamaFrancoist uJulio Rodríguez wethula isiphakamiso esimangalisayo esibizwa ngokuthi “Ikhalenda likaJulian” egameni lakhe siqu. Ukuzama ukushintsha ikhalenda lesikole, ukuzama ukuthi unyaka wesikole uqale ngoJanuwari uphele ngoDisemba. Kwabekwa izizathu ezimbalwa, kodwa ikakhulukazi lawo ayekhuluma ngokulungisa isimiso sesikole sibe isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sonyaka, ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa ezikhungweni lapho isiphakamiso sisebenza khona.
Lesi siphakamiso sagcina sichithiwe ngemuva nje kokuthi siqale ukusebenza. Kodwa ukusebenzisa ukushisa kwasehlobo njengezaba zokwamukela noma ukunikeza amakilasi ezweni lethu eliningi kunzima ngempela, kusenza sehluke kakhulu emazweni amaningi aseYurophu lapho amazinga okushisa eshisa kakhulu. Ihlobo alibi kakhulu futhi bayakwazi ukunciphisa isikhathi sabo sokuphumula ngenxa yokuthi ukushisa kuyabekezeleleka. ESpain, abafundi nothisha bajabulela izinyanga ezimbili ezilandelanayo zeholide (kuze kube manje), lesi simo esiyingqayizivele silungiswa kuphela ukuthi iningi lezwe lihlangabezana nokushisa okuphezulu phakathi nezinyanga zikaJulayi no-August (kubaluleke kakhulu ngendlela) .
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesimo sezulu esishisayo nezici zaso.