Emkhakheni we-meteorology, iridescence zibangelwa into eyaziwa ngokuthi iridescence. Ama-Iridescence amabala ombala angajwayelekile emafwini aseduze nelanga noma nasenyangeni. Lesi senzakalo se-optical singachazwa ngama-coronas ayingxenye noma angaphelele, ngoba adalwe yinqubo efanayo yokuhlukanisa ukukhanya njengamaconsi amanzi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi i-iridescences nokuthi yiziphi izici ezinazo ngokubonakalayo.
Yini iridescence
Ukwakheka kwamafu, nemicu yawo ecwebezelayo, ngezinye izikhathi kusinika ithuba lokubuka imibukiso emihle yemibala. I-iridescence enhle evame ukwenzeka emafini anosayizi ophakathi nendawo Kungenxa yokwenzeka kokuhlukana kokukhanya, lapho imisebe evela elangeni noma enyangeni ishaya nge-engeli ezinkulungwaneni zamaconsi amanzi amancane namakristalu eqhwa anosayizi ofanayo.
Ama-iridescence asatshalaliswa ngokungavamile kulo lonke ifu, nakuba okuvame kakhulu ukuthi imibala ihlelwa ngamabhande ahlala emaphethelweni efu, nakuba ingase futhi ibonakale njengamachashazi. Imibala imsulwa kakhulu, ihlangana ngokucashile futhi ithatha imithunzi eluhlaza nokunsomi phakathi kweminye imibala ku-spectrum ebonakalayo. Emafu aphakathi nendawo, i-iridescence ivame ukuthatha ukuthungwa kweparele. Amafu anemibala egqamile avame kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili, nakuba lesi senzakalo se-optical ngokuvamile singanakwa. Ukugqoka izibuko zelanga kusiza ukuzibona, ikakhulukazi uma i-solar disk ihlanganiswe nezihlahla, izakhiwo, njll. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi umbala uba mkhulu kangangokuthi kunzima ukungawunaki lo mkhuba.
Uma ukusuka endaweni yethu ilanga liseduze namafu, umthombo wokukhanya onamandla uzosikhanyisa futhi usivimbele ekuboneni umbala ngaphandle uma sinezibuko zelanga ezishiwo ngenhla noma isihlungi esifanele, lapho sizobe sinqotshwa umbukiso womlingo wokukhanya futhi umbala . Ubukhulu bemibala ehlukene buhluka kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ukubona inhlanganisela ephelele yemibala egqamile futhi egqame kakhulu.
I-iridescence ibangelwa ukubonakaliswa okuningi okwenziwa ukukhanya lapho kubamba amaconsi amancane amanzi apholile kakhulu namakristalu eqhwa akha amafu aphezulu namaphakathi ku-ref. Esinye sezihluthulelo zalesi simo sokubona ubukhona bama-hydrometeor anobukhulu obufana kakhulu. Isimo sokuphazamiseka sinesibopho sokuhlukanisa imibala ehlukene kumaza wamaza esiwabonayo, silungisa ukukhanya okungenayo ukuze isignali ewumphumela ikhuliswe kwezinye izindawo futhi incishwe kwezinye.
Singabona kuphela i-iridescence uma simi engeli elungile ngokuhlobene nendawo yefu elikhiqize. Izimo ezifanayo zingenzeka ezindaweni ezithile zansuku zonke, njengamabala kawoyela, amabhamuza ensipho, noma izimpiko zezimvemvane ezithile nezinambuzane.
Imiphumela ye-Optical ye-iridescence
I-atmosphere yethu iyinkundla yezethulo ezehlukene ze-meteorological, eziningi zazo okuyizimo ze-optical, ezidalwe ukusebenzisana kokukhanya kwelanga namaconsi amanzi emkhathini oseduze, ukuze indawo yethu ibe nemibala nge-refraction. Phakathi kwalokhu, singabiza i-halo, uthingo, imini nobusuku, i-iridescent.
I-iridescence, ikakhulukazi, ayinakho ukulinganisa kwe-coronal, ibonisa ukuhluka, amapeshi angaphelele ombala emafini noma imicu yombala emaphethelweni. Kusukela phansi, isibonelo, izibukeli zibona uthingo esikhundleni sama-corona lapho amafu emancane kakhulu ukuze akhe ama-coronal loop alinganayo, noma lapho iLanga noma Inyanga ingekho ngemva kwefu ngokuqondile.
Amafu aluhlaza awumphumela wokukhanya kwelanga okuphuma emanzini amancane noma ngisho namakristalu amancane eqhwa akha la mafu, aphebeza imisebe yelanga ngamanye. Amakristalu eqhwa amakhudlwana adala ama-halos, abangelwa ukuphikiswa esikhundleni se-iridescence. Iphinde yehluke kothingo lwenkosazana olubangelwa ukuphindaphinda amaconsi amakhudlwana ngesizathu esifanayo. Uma ingxenye yefu inamaconsi noma amakristalu anosayizi ofanayo, ukunqwabelana kwalo mphumela kungase kubangele ukuthi bathathe umbala wabo.
Lesi simo somkhathi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sididekile nothingo, kuyilapho empeleni kuyisenzakalo esihluke kakhulu, naphezu kokuthi kwakheka ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Umbala obonwa uthingo uncike kubukhulu beconsi kanye ne-engeli umuntu obukayo alibona ngakulo.
imibala e-iridescent
Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okwenza indandatho yangaphakathi yomqhele ngokuvamile umbala ovelele, kodwa obomvu nohlaza nakho kungabonakala. Ukukhanya kombala kukhula ngokufana kwenombolo nobukhulu bamaconsi. Njengemiqhele, amancane, ngisho namaconsi akhiqiza imiphumela emihle kakhulu ebonakalayo.
Imibala yothingo ku-spectrum ebonakalayo ihlanganisa yonke imibala engakhiqizwa i-wavelength eyodwa yokukhanya okubonakalayo, okungukuthi, imibala ye-spectrum ehlanzekile noma ye-monochromatic. i-spectrum ebonakalayo ayiqedi imibala abantu abangayihlukanisa. Imibala engagcwalisiwe njengokwehluka okupinki noma oku-violet njenge-magenta ayikwazi ukuphinda ikhiqizwe ngobude obubodwa beza.
Nakuba i-spectrum iqhubekayo, ngakho-ke asikho isikhala esimhlophe phakathi kombala owodwa nomunye, ububanzi obungenhla bungasetshenziswa njengokulinganiswa. Njenganoma iyiphi into ekhanyisiwe, kulokhu, amaconsi amanzi alenga emkhathini amunca ingxenye yamaza kagesi futhi abonise okunye. Amagagasi abonisiwe athathwa iso futhi ahunyushwe ebuchosheni njengemibala ehlukene ngokuya ngamaza ahambisanayo, futhi uthingo lungesinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu zalolu hlobo lwe-optical phenomenon.
Amafu avumelana ne-iridescence
Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, ngaphezu kokuvela kokukhanya namathonsi emvula, kudingeka isici sefu esivumayo, kulokhu amafu e-altostratus asanda kwakhiwa noma e-altocumulus ahlinzeka ngezimo ezingcono kakhulu ze-iridescence. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ama-solar iridescents anemibala egqamile, kodwa izikhathi eziningi ukushuba kokukhanya kuvimbela ukuba zibonakale. Ngokuphambene, ukukhanya kwenyanga kuveza imibala ekhanyayo, nakuba kulula ukuyihlukanisa.
Emkhathini wethu, lesi simo singenzeka nakwezinye izimo, ngaphezu kwezinye izici, njengokuvinjelwa okushiywe yizindiza. Imiphumela yamarokhethi emkhathini ongaphezulu ingaveza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, imiphumela emangalisayo kakhulu futhi emangalisayo.
Lapho irokhethi lihamba emkhathini ongaphezulu, umhwamuko ophuma exhaphozini yawo uyacwebezela wenze amakristalu eqhwa amancane. Amakristalu aphazamisa ukukhanya kwelanga okuphumayo ukuze akhiqize imibala ekhazimulayo. Kukhona futhi ukwakheka kwamafu okufana kakhulu ne-iridescence, amafu e-polar stratospheric, aziwa nangokuthi amafu weparele noma amafu angama-mama-of-pearl, okungamafu emibala ekhanyayo ye-pastel.
Zenziwe ngamakristalu eqhwa amancane lawo zakha ekuphakameni okuphakathi kuka-15 no-30 wamakhilomitha emazingeni okushisa azungeze -50 °C. Amakristalu ayo eqhwa asebenza njengezisusa zamagesi abamba ukushisa akhishwa ama-aerosol.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-iridescence nezici zayo.