Isimo sezulu samanje seplanethi siyahlanya. Futhi ukuthi kuleli hlobo kukhiqiza amagagasi okushisa namazinga okushisa aphezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Incazelo nemvelaphi yakho konke lokhu kususelwa ekushiseni kwesimo somhlaba okukhiqizwa ngumuntu. Akukho okunye futhi akukho okuncane okurekhodwe e-Antarctica ngonyaka odlule kwaqoshwa umlando ongu-18.3C. Izinga lokushisa laqoshwa ngoFebhuwari 6, 2020, ngokusho kwe-UN World Meteorological Organisation.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izizathu zokuthi kungani izinga lokushisa lase-Antarctica lifinyelela emazingeni omlando.
Irekhodi lokushisa lase-Antarctic
Khumbula ukuthi phakathi nenyanga kaFebhuwari eningizimu yezwe kuyisikhathi sehlobo. Ngalesi sizathu, amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu onyakeni wonke abhalisiwe ngalesi sikhathi, okube lapha inyanga ebanda kakhulu yonyaka. Kunenkinga yomhlaba wonke ngale kobhadane lwegciwane lengculazi olukhiqizwa yiCovid-19, okuyi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Awukho umuthi wokugoma walolu hlobo lwesifo esiwumshayabhuqe.
Cishe umuntu usuvele uqalile inqubo yoshintsho lomhlaba ngaphandle kokubuya. Bekuvele kuxwayisiwe ukuthi lapho amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba ezofinyelela kuma-maximum angajwayelekile, ngeke kubuyiswe imiphumela emibi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukukhishwa kwegesi yokushisa kwabantu okwenziwe ngabantu kuye kwanda eminyakeni yamuva nje ngaphandle kwemizamo nezivumelwano ezenziwe yisivumelwano saseParis.
Ukuhlola irekhodi lokushisa lase-Antarctic kusisiza sakhe isithombe sesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu komunye wemingcele yokugcina yomhlaba wethu. Ukuthola ukuthi kungani i-Antarctica ingesinye sezifunda ezishesha kakhulu ukufudumala kweplanethi, kufanele siye ebhande elihambayo.
Ibhande le-conveyor nezici
Kunokusakazwa okuhamba kancane kakhulu kwe-thermohaline, okungaqhutshwa umoya, kepha kusatshalaliswa ukushisa nemvula olwandle. Lolu hlobo lomjikelezo lubizwa ngebhande lokuhambisa. Ngokuyinhloko iyi-jet yamanzi lapho inani elikhulu lamanzi ashisayo lijikeleza libheke eNyakatho Pole, okuyi njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla liba nosawoti omningi kakhulu. Lokhu kukhuphuka kobuningi kubangela ukuthi umzimba wamanzi ucwile futhi uphinde ujikeleze uye ezansi. Lapho befika oLwandlekazi iPacific, baphinde bafudumale futhi ukuminyana kwabo kwehle, bese bebuyela ngaphezulu.
Yebo, endaweni lapho imizimba yamanzi icwila khona ngenxa yokuthi iyabanda futhi iminyene, alikho iqhwa elibonakale kusukela ngo-1998. Lokhu kwenza ibhande elihambayo liyeke ukusebenza, okwenza amanzi aphole kancane. Inzuzo engalethwa yilokhu ukuthi, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, i-United Kingdom, i-Ireland, i-Iceland kanye nogu lwaseFrance neNorway (ngaphezu kwenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSpain) Zizokhuphuka ngo-2 ° C kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-4 ° C esabekayo emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, kepha hhayi eMelika eshisayo, ngoba ukulahleka kwamanje kuzokhuphula izinga lokushisa lamanzi e-Atlantic kuleyo ndawo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, namandla eziphepho.
Izinga lokushisa le-Antarctica liphezulu kakhulu
Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi i-Antarctica iyizwekazi elineqhwa ngokuphelele. Ingenye yezinjini zokupholisa zomhlaba wonke. Ngokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa, kulindeleke ukuncibilika okuseduze kwezikhephu zeqhwa namazinga olwandle akhuphukayo. Ngokuhambisana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, yindawo yomhlaba wonke efudumeza ngokushesha okukhulu. Maphakathi no-Ephreli, kwenziwa umbiko we-World Meteorological Organisation futhi wakhombisa ukuthi unyaka we-2020 kube unyaka wesithathu oshisa kakhulu emlandweni njengoba kunamarekhodi, ngemuva kuka-2016 no-2019. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile kule minyaka lingu-1.2 degrees Celsius ngaphezulu kwamazinga wangaphambilini wezimboni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule minyaka eyishumi edlule wonke amarekhodi okushisa angaphambilini adlulwa. Ngokwalo mzimba nososayensi abakwenzayo, ukugxila kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini kuqhubekile nokwenyuka eminyakeni edlule. Uma la magesi abamba ukushisa agcina ukushisa, izinga lokushisa lizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Omunye umphumela wokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa e-Antarctica yizinga lolwandle. Kuyinqubo esheshise ngisho nasezinyangeni ezedlule. Ngemuva kokuncibilika okuqhubekayo kwezinguzunga zeqhwa iGreenland ne-Antarctic, amazinga olwandle akhuphukile. Ngasikhathi sinye, imvelo kanye nezilwane zasolwandle ziyaqhubeka nokuthola imiphumela emibi emibi ye i-acidification kanye ne-deoxygenation yamanzi olwandle.
Khonamanjalo, ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngoMeyi ephephabhukwini i-Nature Geoscience laxwayisa ngokuthi ukuncibilika kweqhwa e-Antarctica kusongela ukusabela okulandelana kwezimo zezulu.
Imiphumela
E-Arctic, isimo siphambene kakhulu. Iningi lalo ulwandle, kuyilapho i-Antarctica izungezwe umhlaba. Lokhu kwenza isimilo esiphambi kwesimo sezulu sihluke. Noma iqhwa lolwandle elintantayo licibilikile, awunamthelela omncane ekukhuphukeni kolwandle. Lokhu akunjalo ngezinguzunga zeqhwa zezintaba noma izinguzunga zeqhwa zase-Antarctic.
Imininingwane yakamuva yokuncibilika kwezigxobo ikhombisa ukuthi kunelinye lamaqhwa amakhulu e-Antarctica, abizwa ngeTotten Glacier, kuyancibilika ngenxa yokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa olwandle. Ilahlekelwe yiqhwa eliningi futhi ukukhuphuka kolwandle kuzobonakala kakhulu. I-NASA imemezele ukuthi kubonakala sengathi sesifinyelele eqophelweni lapho ukuwa kwe-polar kungalungiseki.
Ezinhlelweni eziningi esizisebenzisayo nezinyathelo eziningi zokulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu esikwenzayo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukumisa ukuncibilika kwamakhekheba eqhwa asezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngerekhodi lokushisa lase-Antarctic nezici zalo.