Njengoba sazi, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyinto eyenzeka emhlabeni wonke okusishiya sinezithombe ezikhathazayo nezimangazayo. Futhi ingabe iqiniso lokuthi amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba ayanda ngokuqhubekayo, kudala izimo ezithile ezihlukile. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi enye yezindawo zeplanethi ezithole umthelela omkhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa emhlabeni yi-Antarctica, kulapha lapho ungabona khona izinto ezingajwayelekile. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesinye sezimo ezimangalisa wonke umphakathi wesayensi. Imayelana ne- iqhwa eliluhlaza.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi kusho ukuthini iqhwa eliluhlaza, yiziphi izici zalo nokuthi linamiphi imiphumela maqondana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Liyini iqhwa eliluhlaza
Ongakucabanga lapho uzwa igama elithi iqhwa eliluhlaza, ukuthi uhlaza luyakhula ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa lase-Antarctic. Njengamanje, ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba iqhwa elimhlophe liba luhlaza njengoba kukhula ulwelwe oluncane. Lapho ikhula ngobuningi iba nohlaza okotshani futhi iyenze ibonakale umbala ogqamile oluhlaza. Lesi senzakalo singabonakala ngisho nasemkhathini futhi sisize ososayensi ukwenza imephu.
Yonke idatha iqoqwa sibonga iziphuphutheki ezikwaziyo ukubuka nokuthatha izithombe. Ukubukwa okwenziwe ehlobo elithile e-Antarctica kuhlanganiswe nokubukwa okuvela kumasathelayithi ukuze kukwazi ukulinganisa zonke izindawo lapho kuzohlolwa khona iqhwa eliluhlaza. Zonke lezi zilinganiso zizosetshenziselwa ukubala ijubane i-algae ezoqhubeka nokusabalala kulo lonke izwekazi ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Njengoba bekulindelekile, ukukhula kwala ma-algae amancane kakhulu kuzothinta amandla wesimo sezulu ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.
Iqhwa eliluhlaza ne-albedo yasemhlabeni
I-albedo yasemhlabeni iyinani lemisebe yelanga eboniswa kusuka ebusweni ibuyele esikhaleni ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwalezi zinto sithola indawo enemibala elula, amafu, amagesi, njll. Isithwathwa sikwazi ukukhombisa kufika ku-80% wesigameko semisebe yelanga kuso. Yini okutholakele nge Iqhwa eliluhlaza ukuthi idatha ye-albedo yehliselwe ku-45%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushisa okwengeziwe kungagcinwa ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa emuva emkhathini.
Kungacatshangwa ukuthi njengoba i-albedo ese-Antarctica izokwehla, izoba yimbangela yamazinga okushisa ajwayelekile aziphakelayo. Kodwa-ke, izici ezahlukahlukene ezinomthelela kulokhu kuziphendukela kwezinga lokushisa nazo kufanele zinakwe. Isibonelo, ukukhula kwe-algae microscopic nakho kuthanda ukumunca isikhutha nge-photosynthesis. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa inani lamagesi abamba ukushisa, nawo Kuzosisiza ukunganyusi amazinga okushisa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolisiswe ibhalansi phakathi kwenani lokushisa i-Antarctica ekwazi ukukugcina ngenxa yokwehla kwe-albedo yasemhlabeni, kanye namandla we-algae microscopic ukumunca isikhutha emkhathini. Njengoba sazi, i-carbon dioxide ingugesi obamba ukushisa onamandla okugcina ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho isikhutha esiningi sisemkhathini, ukushisa okuningi kuzogcinwa ngakho-ke kuzokhulisa amazinga okushisa.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ulwelwe oluncane kakhulu e-Antarctica
Kukhona izifundo eziningi esezishicilelwe kumagazini Nature nokuxhumana Babikezela ukuthi iqhwa eliluhlaza lizoqhubeka nokusabalala kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Antarctic. Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kukhuphula amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba, kufanele sisabalalise kakhudlwana la ma-algae.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa nokuthi i-Antarctica iyindawo ekhombisa izinguquko ezidalwa wukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kufudumala kwanda ngokushesha kule ngxenye yomhlaba. Imininingwane yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ngoJanuwari, ukushisa kwaqoshwa engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Antarctica. Lokhu kushisa okushisayo kubangele amazinga okushisa angama-7 degrees ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. Njengoba inqubo yokushisa iqhubeka, inani le-microalgae lizophinde lenyuke kakhulu.
Inkinga ukuthi iqhwa alisekho ukuqhubeka njengakuqala. Kumele futhi sinake ukukhuphuka kolwandle okuzodala ukuncibilika ngokuphelele kweqhwa lase-Antarctic. Ukuze kuqondwe kangcono, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Antarctica neNorth Pole ukuthi e-Antarctica kukhona izwekazi elingaphansi kweqhwa. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi, uma iqhwa lincibilika ngaphezu komhlaba, likhuphukela ezingeni lolwandle. Okuphambene kwenzeka neNorth Pole. Amakepisi asendaweni esenyakatho awanalo izwekazi ngaphansi kwawo. Ngakho-ke, uma leli qhwa lincibilika ngeke likhuphule izinga lolwandle.
Ama-algae afundwe e-Antarctica agxile ogwini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yizindawo ezifudumala ngoba zinamazinga okushisa aphakathi kwamazinga angaphezu kuka-zero. Ukwanda kwama-microalgae nakho kukhuthazwa yizilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni zasolwandle. Futhi ukuthi indle yalezi zilwane inomsoco kakhulu kulezi zinto eziphilayo ze-photosynthetic. Lokho wukuthi, zona lezi ndle zisebenza njengomanyolo futhi zifaka isandla ekukhuleni kwazo.
Isinki entsha ye-CO2
Kuyaziwa kusuka ezifundweni ukuthi amakoloni amaningi e-algal asondele kumakholoni ama-penguin. Zitholakala ezindaweni lapho kuphumula khona abambalwa futhi eduze nakwezinye izindawo lapho izidleke zezinyoni zihlala khona.
Yini engabonakala njengephuzu elihle lakho konke lokhu, ukuthi kuzoba nesinki entsha ye-CO2 emhlabeni. Njengoba ulwelwe lugcina izinga eliphezulu le-photosynthesis, amandla alo akhiqizwa phakathi nale nqubo futhi le gesi ebamba ukushisa iyamunca. Ngenxa yokukhula kwalezi zigaqa, inani elikhulu lesikhutha liyokhishwa emkhathini futhi lingabalwa njengephuzu elihle. Le CO2 entsha icwila ingamunca kuze kufike kumathani angama-479 ngonyaka. Lesi sibalo singase sibe ngaphezulu njengoba kunezinye izinhlobo ze-algae ebomvu ne-red ezingakafakwa ocwaningweni.
Ungacabangi ukuthi konke lokhu kuzoba kuhle ngokujwayelekile, ngoba imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu inzima kakhulu kangangokuthi lo mphumela weqhwa eliluhlaza awunakulungiswa.
Ukuthi ngalolu lwazi bangafunda kabanzi ngeqhwa eliluhlaza nokubaluleka kwalo.