Njengoba sibonile ezindatshaneni ezedlule, i- Uhlelo lomkhathi yakhiwe amaplanethi ayi-8 ne-planetoid Pluto eyeke ukubhekwa njengeyodwa ngenxa yobukhulu bayo. Sesivele sihlaziye ngokujula K Es Es Escha! Escha Escha! Escha Escha! Escha!, Venus, Mars, I-Jupiter y Saturn, ukuze sikwazi ukukhuluma iplanethi i-Uranus. Kuyaziwa njengechashazi elilachashazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kulokhu okuthunyelwe ungafunda konke ngakho.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngeplanethi u-Uranus? Funda ukuze uthole zonke izimfihlo zayo.
Izici ze-Uranus
Kubhekwa njengeplanethi yesikhombisa ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga ngokusondela kweLanga. Esiseduzane yiMercury, kanti okude kakhulu yiNeptune. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siyakubona lokho, kwamaplanethi amakhulu ngosayizi (abizwa ngamagesi amakhulu), U-Uranus usezingeni lesithathu.
Inobubanzi obungu-51.118 km futhi itholakala ebangeni eliphindwe izikhathi ezingama-20 kunalelo leplanethi yethu maqondana neLanga. Igama lalo lanikezwa ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaGrikhi okuthiwa u-Uranus. Ngokungafani namanye amaplanethi noma amaplanethi anamatshe anezakhiwo ezinesiphithiphithi impela, i-Uranus inendawo efanayo futhi elula. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ojika ube luhlaza awukhombisi ukuthambekela kwemisebe yelanga. Ukwakheka kwamagesi okwenza kube nalo mbala.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuyibona useMhlabeni, isibhakabhaka sasebusuku kufanele sibe mnyama kakhulu, nenyanga ibe sesigabeni esisha (Bheka izigaba zenyanga). Uma lezi zimo kuhlangatshezwana nazo, ngama-binoculars singalithola kalula lelo ichashazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Usosayensi owathola le planethi kwakunguWilliam Herschel futhi wakwenza lokho ngoMashi 13, 1781. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abaningi babezama ukuthola okuningi ngesibhakabhaka sethu futhi bathole ukuthi yini eyayingaphandle kwesikhala. Ukuze athole i-Uranus, uHerschel wasebenzisa isibonakude azakhela sona. Lapho ekhomba ichashaza eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni, wabika ukuthi kwakuyinkanyezi enomsila. Kepha ngemuva kokuyihlola, kwaziwa ukuthi yiplanethi.
Ikleliswe endaweni yesithupha ohlwini lwamaplanethi kuSolar System ngemuva kweJupiter. Ukuzungeza kwayo kukhulu impela futhi kuthatha cishe iminyaka engama-84 ukuyihamba kunalokho ebingakwenza eMhlabeni. Lokho wukuthi, ngenkathi iplanethi yethu izungeze iSun izikhathi ezingama-84, u-Uranus wenze okukodwa kuphela.
Ukwakheka
Icishe iphindwe kane ubukhulu beplanethi yethu futhi ubukhulu bayo bungu-1,29 gram kuphela nge-cubic sentimitha. Ekubunjweni kwayo kwangaphakathi sithola izinto zedwala neqhwa zezinhlobo ezahlukene. Umgogodla wamatshe ugcwele kakhulu futhi amagesi akhulu kakhulu emoyeni wawo yi-hydrogen ne-helium. Lawa magesi amabili ayingxenye ye-15% yawo wonke ubukhulu beplanethi.
Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi yi-gas giant. Ukuthambekela kwe-axis yayo yokujikeleza kungama-degree angama-90 maqondana nomjikelezo wayo. Siyakhumbula ukuthi leplanethi yethu ingama-degree angama-23. I-Uranus nayo inendandatho efana ne-Saturn, yize ingalingani ngosayizi. Ukutsheka kwe-eksisi kuthinta namasongo neziphuphutheki zawo.
Ngenxa yokuthambekela okunjalo kwe-eksisi yayo, i-Uranus inezinkathi ezimbili zonyaka kuphela. Iminyaka engama-42 ilanga likhanyisela isigxobo esisodwa seplanethi kanti kwesinye sikhanyisela esinye isigxobo. Njengoba ukude kakhulu neLanga, izinga lokushisa lakhona elijwayelekile lizungeze -42 degrees.
Inesistimu yezindandatho engahlangene nakancane nalawo kaSaturn futhi futhi inezinhlayiya ezimnyama (Bheka Yini into emnyama?). Njengakwisayensi, okuningi okutholwe okubaluleke kakhulu kwenzeka ngengozi kanti ngenkathi ufuna okungcono kakhulu, okuphambene nalokho. Lezi zindandatho zatholwa ngo-1985 ngenkathi i-Voyager 2 space probe ibifuna ukufinyelela iplanethi iNeptune. Kungaleso sikhathi ukuthi, ngokudlula kwakhe, wayekwazi ukubona izindandatho zika-Uranus.
Ngobuchwepheshe besimanjemanje futhi obuthuthukisiwe kube nokwazi ukuthi elinye lamasongo alo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinye libomvu.
Isakhiwo se-Uranus
Into ejwayelekile eplanethi enamasongo ukuthi zibomvu. Kodwa-ke, kuyinhlanhla enkulu ukuthola izindandatho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emkhathini wayo nangaphakathi Yakhiwe ngama-85% we-hydrogen, i-15% ye-helium, ne-methane encane. Lokhu kuqanjwa kukwenza ube nalombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okotshani.
Kule planethi kunolwandle oluwuketshezi, yize lungahlangene ngalutho nalolu esinalo eMhlabeni. Umkhathi wayo, owakhiwe amagesi abizwe phambilini, uyancibilika njengoba wehla uze ugcwale lonke iqhwa ngamanzi, i-ammonia negesi yemethane. Sithe ulwandle alufani nanoma yini eMhlabeni futhi kungenxa yokuthi lwakhiwe ngamanzi ne-ammonia. Lokhu kuyenza ibe nokuhamba okuphezulu kagesi futhi iyingozi ngokuphelele.
Ngokungafani nezinye izigebenga zegesi ezinjengeJupiter neSaturn, ku-Uranus, iqhwa lidlula amagesi ngenxa yebanga elikude nelanga. Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu futhi lokhu sekuholele umphakathi wezesayensi ukuthi uwabize ngama-ice giants. Ososayensi abakwazanga ukwazi isizathu sokuthi kungani i-axis yayo ithambekele kangaka, yize kucatshangwa ukuthi, ngenkathi yakhiwa, ingahlangana nenye i-protoplanet noma idwala elikhulu nokuthi yathatha leyo axis njengomphumela wokushaywa.
Ineziphuphutheki ezingama-27 lapho ezinye zaziwa kakhulu kunezinye. Iziphuphutheki azinkulu ngokwanele ukuba nomoya wazo. Baphinde batholwa abaphenyi beVoyager 2. Babizwe ngeTitania ne-Oberon. Enye ebizwa ngokuthi iMiranda yakhiwa yiqhwa lamanzi nothuli futhi inewa eliphakeme kakhulu kuyo yonke iSolar System. Ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-20. Iphindwe kayishumi kuneGrand Canyon emhlabeni wethu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-Uranus yiplanethi engayeki ukusimangaza futhi okusenokuningi okwaziyo ngayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe singazi ngokwengeziwe nokuqaqa zonke izimfihlo zabo.