Umuntu ubelokhu enake ngokukhethekile iplanethi kuhlelo lwethu lwelanga. Leyo planethi iyiMars. Ibizwa ngeplanethi ebomvu ngombala wayo. Kwakungenye yamaplanethi okuqala abhekwe ngesibonakude futhi kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX laqala ukuqagela ngokuthi kungenzeka kube khona ukuphila kwangaphandle komhlaba. Ososayensi abaningi bachaze ubukhona beziteshi ezenzelwe ukuhambisa amanzi okuthiwa alusizo empucukweni.
IMars ingelinye lamaplanethi acwaningwe kakhulu futhi okukhona imininingwane eminingi ngalo. Ngabe ufuna ukufunda konke ngeplanethi iMars? Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizohlaziya ngokuphelele. Qhubeka ufunde futhi uzothola konke 🙂
Izici zeMars
IMars ingeyamaplanethi amane anamatshe wesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ukufana kwayo neplanethi yethu ithonye kakhulu inkolelo yokuphila okungenzeka kukaMartian. Ubuso beplanethi bunezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezihlala njalo nezingqimba zepolar ezingekho empeleni ezenziwe ngeqhwa leqiniso. Yakhiwa ungqimba lweqhwa okungenzeka ukuthi lwenziwe ngeqhwa elomile.
Ingenye yamaplanethi amancane kunawo wonke esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga futhi ineziphuphutheki ezimbili: I-Phobos ne-Deimos. Kwakunohambo oluya eMars ngomkhumbi-mkhathi iMarine 4. Kuwo, kwakubonwa izindawo ezikhanyayo nezimnyama, ngakho ososayensi baqagela ubukhona bamanzi ngaphezulu. Njengamanje kucatshangwa ukuthi kube nezikhukhula ezinkulu emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-3,5 edlule. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngo-2015, i-NASA yaqinisekisa ubufakazi bokuthi kukhona amanzi anosawoti angamanzi.
Kuphela iplanethi i-mercury incane kuneMars. Ngenxa yokuthambekela kwe-axis yokujikeleza, ibhekana nezinkathi ezifana noMhlaba futhi ezihluka ngobude ngenxa yomjikelezo wayo okweqanda. Womabili la masathelayithi atholakala ngo-1877 futhi awanazo izindandatho.
Ukujikeleza kwayo kuzungeza iLanga kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-687 emhlabeni. Isikhathi saso sokujikeleza eceleni siyizinsuku eziyi-1.026 Zomhlaba noma amahora angama-24.623, side nje isikhathi sokujikeleza komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, usuku lweMartian luyisigamu sehora ubude kunosuku Lomhlaba.
Isakhiwo se-Geological
Ububanzi ngu ka-6792 km, ubukhulu bayo obungu-6.4169 x 1023 kg kanye nobukhulu obungu-3.934 g / cm3. Iphethe ivolumu engu-1.63116 X 1011 km3. Kuyiplanethi enamadwala njengawo wonke amaplanethi we-telluric. Ubuso bomhlaba buveza izimpawu zemithelela ebhekiswe kwezinye izidalwa zasezulwini. Intaba-mlilo nokunyakaza koqweqwe lomhlaba kuyizinto ezixhunyaniswe nomoya wayo (njengeziphepho zothuli). Zonke lezi zimo bezilokhu ziguqula futhi ziguqula ingaphezulu.
Igama lesidlaliso leplanethi ebomvu linencazelo elula. Umhlabathi weMars unenqwaba yamaminerali wensimbi ahlanganisa futhi anikeze umbala obomvu ohluke ngokuphawulekayo eMhlabeni. Izindawo ezibukhali eMars zisize kakhulu ukubonwa nokubalwa kwezikhathi ezizungezayo.
Ama-tectonics ayo anokuma mpo. Kukhona iziqhingi zaseqhwa ezibandayo, izintaba-mlilo, izigodi nezingwadule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sekutholakele ubufakazi bokuguguleka okunamandla okuhlaselwe yimigodi egcwaliswe ngothuli oluhanjiswe yiziphepho. Zikhubazekile ngokunwetshwa nokuncipha okubangelwa izinguquko ezinamandla zokushisa. Kuyikhaya leNtaba i-Olympus, intaba-mlilo enkulu kunayo yonke eplanethi eseSolar System, kanye UValles Marineris, omunye wemigudla emikhulu nebabazekayo owake wabona umuntu, enobude obulingana nebanga eliphakathi kweNew York neLos Angeles (United States).
Isimo seMars
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sizohlola kahle umkhathi. Sithola isimo esihle nesingaphansi. Yakhiwa yisikhutha, i-nitrogen ne-argon. Ngokunemba okukhulu, umkhathi wakhiwa I-96% CO2, i-2% ye-argon, i-2% ye-nitrogen ne-1% nezinye izinto. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, awukho umoya-mpilo emkhathini we-Mars, ngakho-ke impilo ayinakubakhona njengoba sazi.
Usayizi weMars ucishe ube uhhafu walowo woMhlaba. Umkhumbi-mkhathi wokuqala umsebenzi wawo waphumelela wabizwa ngeMarine 4 (eshiwo ngaphambili). Ukukunikeza umbono wesikhathi esizothatha ukufika eMars kusuka kwiplanethi yethu, kunebanga lamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-229.
Idatha ethakazelisayo
Nakhu ukuqoqwa kwamaqiniso athile athakazelisayo ngale planethi neyethu:
- Into esondelene kakhulu neMars esinayo eMhlabeni yi-Antarctica. Yiyo kuphela indawo emangalisayo lapho ungathola khona izindawo eziwugwadule ezineqhwa eliningi.
- Siyazi ukuthi iplanethi ebomvu neyethu kuqhamuke ochungechungeni lokushaqeka komhlaba. Kubunjwe ngama-asteroid amakhulu avela ezigidini zeminyaka eyedlule. Lezi zingcezu ezisele ngemithelela nge-Mars zigcine zizungeza lonke uhlelo lwelanga izigidi zeminyaka ziholwa amandla adonsela phansi amanye amaplanethi. Yile ndlela abagcina ngayo lapha eMhlabeni.
- Kunobuthakathaka obuncane eplanethi elibomvu kunasemhlabeni. Le datha inelukuluku, kepha isobala, ngoba isisindo sayo sincane kakhulu. Kunamandla adonsela phansi angama-62% kunasemhlabeni wethu. Umuntu onesisindo esingu-100 kg eMhlabeni uzokala lapho ama-40 kg.
- IMars inezinkathi ezine ezifana noMhlaba. Njengoba kwenzeka lapha, intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ukuwa nobusika yizinkathi ezine zeplanethi ebomvu. Umehluko maqondana nalokho esijwayele ukukubona ubude besizini ngayinye. Engxenyeni esenyakatho, intwasahlobo yaseMartian ihlala izinyanga eziyi-4 nehlobo izinyanga ezi-7, kepha ukuwa nobusika kuyahluka ngezikhathi ezincane.
- Kube khona ifayela le- Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu eMars njengoba nje kube khona eMhlabeni.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, le planethi ingenye yezindawo ezifundwa kakhulu ngumphakathi wezesayensi ngenkolelo yokuthi ingabamba impilo yasemkhathini futhi njengeplanethi ephumayo yokufudukela lapho kungenzeka iplanethi yethu ifinyelele umkhawulo. Futhi wena, ucabanga ukuthi impilo izotholakala kwiplanethi iMars?