Kuzindatshana ezedlule sakhuluma ngazo zonke izici ze- uhlelo lwelanga. Kulokhu, sizogxila kukho iplanethi iJupiter. Yiplanethi yesihlanu ekude neLanga futhi enkulu kunazo zonke kusistimu yelanga. Ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma wayebizwa ngokuthi inkosi yabonkulunkulu. Ayikho enye into futhi ayikho ngaphansi kwezikhathi eziyi-1.400 ngobukhulu kunoMhlaba ngosayizi. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bayo bucishe buphindwe izikhathi ezingama-318 kunobukaMhlaba, ngoba empeleni bunegesi.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke okuhlobene neplanethi yeJupiter? Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokuhlaziya ngokujulile. Kumele uqhubeke ufunde 🙂
Izici ze-Jupiter
Ubuningi beJupiter bucishe kube yikota ukuminyana kweplanethi yethu. Noma kunjalo, ingaphakathi lakhiwe kakhulu amagesi i-hydrogen, i-helium ne-argon. Ngokungafani noMhlaba, awukho umehluko ocacile phakathi komhlaba noMkhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amagesi asemkhathini aguquka kancane kancane abe uketshezi.
I-Hydrogen icindezelwe kangangokuthi isesimweni se-metallic liquid. Lokhu akwenzeki eplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yebanga nobunzima bokufunda ingaphakathi lale planethi, akwaziwa okwamanje ukuthi i-nucleus yakhiwa yini. Kucatshangelwa okwezinto ezinamatshe ezinjengeqhwa, uma kubhekwa amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene namandla ayo, inguquko eyodwa ezungeze iLanga njalo eminyakeni engu-11,9 yoMhlaba. Ngenxa yebanga kanye nomjikelezo omude kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuzungeza iLanga kuneplanethi yethu. Itholakala ebangeni le-orbital lamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-778. Umhlaba neJupiter banezikhathi lapho besondela futhi beqhela komunye nomunye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imijikelezo yazo ayifani yonke iminyaka. Njalo eminyakeni engama-47, ibanga phakathi kwamaplanethi liyahlukahluka.
Ibanga elincane phakathi kwamaplanethi amabili ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-590. Leli banga lenzeke ngonyaka wezi-2013. Kodwa-ke la maplanethi angatholakala ebangeni eliphezulu elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-676.
Umkhathi namandla
Ububanzi benkabazwe kaJupiter ngamakhilomitha ayi-142.800. Kuthatha cishe amahora ayi-9 nemizuzu engama-50 ukuvula i-eksisi yayo. Lokhu kuzungeza okusheshayo nokwakheke cishe kwayo konke kwe-hydrogen ne-helium kubangela ukuqina kwenkabazwe okubonwayo lapho kubhekwa iplanethi kusibonakude. Ukujikeleza akufani futhi umphumela ofanayo uyabonakala eSun.
Umkhathi wayo ujule kakhulu. Kungashiwo ukuthi imboza yonke iplanethi kusuka ngaphakathi kuye ngaphandle. Ifana nelanga. Yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko i-hydrogen ne-helium namanye amanani amancane we-methane, i-ammonia, umusi wamanzi, nezinye izinto. Uma singena ngokujulile kuJupiter, ingcindezi inkulu kakhulu kangangokuthi ama-athomu e-hydrogen ayaphuka, akhiphe ama-electron awo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngendlela yokuthi ama-athomu avelayo akhiwe kuphela ama-proton.
Sitholwe kanjalo isimo esisha se-hydrogen, esibizwa nge-metallic hydrogen. Isici salo esiyinhloko ukuthi inezici ezifanayo nezinto zoketshezi ezisebenza ngogesi.
Amandla ayo abonakala kweminye yemivimbo yobude obude, amafu asemkhathini kanye neziphepho. Amaphethini wamafu ayashintsha emahoreni noma ezinsukwini. Le migqa iyabonakala kakhulu ngenxa yemibala ye-pastel yamafu. Le mibala ibonakala ku- I-Great Red Spot kaJupiter. Mhlawumbe kungumkhiqizo odume kakhulu kule planethi. Futhi kuyisiphepho esiyindilinga esimise okweqanda esinezinhlobonhlobo zombala kusuka kobomvu obenziwe ngezitini kuya kopinki. Ihamba ngokungafani newashi futhi ibisebenza isikhathi eside.
Ukwakheka, isakhiwo namandla kazibuthe
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukubonwa okubukekayo okuvela eMhlabeni kukhombisile ukuthi iningi lomkhathi weJupiter wakhiwa yi-hydrogen yamangqamuzana. Ucwaningo lwe-infrared lukhombisa lokho I-87% yi-hydrogen kanti enye i-13% helium.
Ubuningi obubonwe busivumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi ingaphakathi leplanethi kufanele libe nokwakheka okufanayo komoya. Le planethi enkulu yakhiwe yizinto ezimbili ezikhanya kakhulu neziningi kakhulu endaweni yonke. Lokhu kuyenza ibe nokwakheka okufana kakhulu neLanga nezinye izinkanyezi.
Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi iJupiter yavela ekunciphiseni okuqondile kwe-nebula yokuqala yelanga. Leli yifu elikhulu legesi eliphakathi kwezinkanyezi nothuli lapho kwakhiwa khona lonke uhlelo lwethu lwelanga.
I-Jupiter ikhipha cishe amandla aphindwe kabili kunaleyo etholwa yi-Sun. Umthombo okhipha la mandla uvela ekunciphiseni okuhamba kancane kwamandla omhlaba wonke. Kuzodingeka ukuthi icishe iphindwe kayikhulu ngobukhulu ukuze imisindo iqale ukusabela kwenuzi njengaleyo yeLanga nezinkanyezi. Kungashiwo ukuthi iJupiter iyiLanga elifiphele.
Umkhathi unombuso oneziyaluyalu futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafu. Kuyabanda kakhulu. Ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa ngezikhathi ezithile emkhathini ongaphezulu weJupiter kuveza iphethini ekushintsheni kwemimoya efana naleyo yesifunda esisenkabazwe se-stratosphere yoMhlaba. Yize kuphela ingxenye engaphandle yeJupiter engafundelwa ngokucacile okuphelele, izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa nengcindezi kuyanda njengoba singena ngokujule eplanethi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umnyombo weplanethi ungafana nalowo woMhlaba.
Ekujuleni kwezingqimba ezingaphakathi impela kukhiqizwa amandla kazibuthe kaJovian. Phezulu amandla kazibuthe adlula lowo woMhlaba cishe izikhathi eziyi-14. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bayo buhlehlisiwe maqondana nalokho kweplanethi yethu. Enye yekhampasi yethu yayizokhomba enyakatho iye eningizimu. Le nsimu kazibuthe yakha amabhande emisebe emikhulu yezinhlayiya ezibanjiwe ezibhajwe. Lezi zinhlayiya zizungeze iplanethi ebangeni lamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-10.
Iziphuphutheki ezibaluleke kakhulu
Kuze kube manje sekuqoshwe iziphuphutheki zemvelo ezingama-69 zeJupiter. Ukuqaphela kwamuva nje kukhombisile ukuthi ukuminyana kwezinyanga ezinkulu kakhulu kulandela inkambiso ebonakalayo yesimiso sonozungezilanga uqobo. Iziphuphutheki eziyinhloko zibizwa Io, Europa, Ganymede noCallisto. Amabili okuqala aseduze kweplanethi, aminyene futhi anamatshe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iGanymede neCallisto bakude kakhulu futhi bakhiwe yiqhwa elinabantu abaphansi kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwalezi ziphuphutheki, ukusondela komzimba ophakathi nendawo kudala izinhlayiya eziguquguqukayo kakhulu ukugoqa futhi zakhe lezi zinhlanganisela.
Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukuyazi kangcono le planethi enkulu.