Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu yinkinga enkulu esinayo namuhla ngekusasa. Ubuchwepheshe obuningi buyathuthukiswa obukwazi ukufuna izixazululo noma ezinye izindlela zalolu shintsho ezithinta iplanethi yonke.
Siyazi ukuthi indima yezitshalo nezilwane ukwenza ukubaluleka okubalulekile ngekusasa. Ukugcina ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nokungaphuli amaketanga okudla nemijikelezo yezinto eziphilayo kuyisikhali esihle ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ososayensi bacwaninga ngamasu amasha wokubuka asivumela ukuthi sithole ngokujule nakakhulu indima yezitshalo nezilwane.
UJosep Penuelas ingu-ecologist okhethekile kwimvelo yomhlaba, ekutshalweni kwe-ecophysiology, ukusebenzisana kwe-remote sensing kanye ne-biosphere-atmosphere futhi izinikele ekucwaningeni ukuvela kwezinto eziphilayo nendima yazo ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Uthe imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwizitshalo nezilwane izobonakala kakhulu kwi-phenology. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ususa amaqabunga ezihlahleni ezinamakhasi. Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ibanga lokushisa lihluke kakhulu kokujwayelekile. Ngenyanga ka-Okthoba kusashisa ngokwanele ukuthi izihlahla zihumushe ukuthi azidingi ukulahla amaqabunga okwamanje.
Kungokufanayo nangezinyoni ezifudukayo. Lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka ukuze zibe nezincane futhi zihlala emazingeni okushisa amnandi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinguquko emazingeni okushisa, imizila efudukayo iyashintsha isikhathi sayo. Lolu hlobo lwento kulula ukuthi abantu bayibone futhi ingenye yezinto abanazo. kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwemvelo yeplanethi. Ngokwelula lezi zinguquko ze-phenological, ukufaka ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ngezinye kungabangelwa futhi, ngakho-ke, izinguquko endaweni yokwabiwa.
Isazi semvelo sikuqinisekisile ukuthi ezifundweni ezenziwayo kungabonwa ukuthi abantu nezitshalo nezilwane bayasabela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu ukushintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ngokushesha okukhulu kunokulindelekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kungezwe ukuthi izinguquko zofuzo kuma-microorganism zishesha kakhulu ngenxa yejubane ezizala ngalo kanye nenani labantu. Kungakho ama-microorganism ehambelana kalula nemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngoba anezizukulwane eziningi eziningi ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu.
Ezifundweni ezenziwa ngabakwaPeñuelas ukwazi izimbangela nemiphumela yemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni, i ulimi lokuxhumana ezinezimbali. Lezi zifundo zingahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokwazi ubudlelwane bezimila nemvelo esizungezile.
Izitshalo zishintshanisa amagesi amaningi nomoya osemkhathini kunalokho esikucabangayo
Izitshalo ziyakhulumisana, zingakhulumi noma zikhulume ngezandla, kodwa zishintshanisa amakhulu amagesi nomoya. Okuyaziwa kakhulu nge-photosynthesis ukuthi bayashintshana umoya-mpilo, isikhutha namanzi, Kepha okungaziwa ngabantu abaningi ukuthi baphinde bashintshisane ngama-hydrocarbon, i-alcohol kanye nenqwaba yamakhemikhali egesi akhiqiza umsebenzi obaluleke ngokweqile wezinto eziphilayo ukuxhumana nabanye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo azigcini ngokuxhumana kuphela, kodwa futhi nezidliwayo ezidla utshani, izidalwa ezidla imifino ezithanda ukusabalalisa imbewu yazo ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kufanele futhi kungezwe ukuthi lokhu kushintshaniswa kwamagesi nomoya osemkhathini kubangela ushintsho kumakhemikhali asemkhathini, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi yomoya ukuthi siyaphefumula. Imvamisa, ezindaweni ezinesibalo esikhulu sezimila nezimila, umoya ophefumulwayo uhlanzekile futhi unempilo ngoba umunca inani elikhulu lekhabhoni elikhishwa ngokushiswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhakanjiswa ukushiswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi
Ezifundweni ezenziwa ngabakwaPeñuelas, kusetshenziswa amasu okuzwa kude ukuze akwazi ukusebenza ezingeni lomhlaba, lesifunda nelasendaweni. Ukuzwa okukude kuyadingeka ukulandelela lezi zinguquko.
"Esikuqinisekisile ukuthi sineplanethi eqhubeka iluhlaza, lapho kune-biomass eluhlaza kakhulu, futhi lokhu sikusho ukuthi simanyanisa iplanethi nge-carbon dioxide okuwukudla kwezitshalo."
Kepha akuyona yonke into enhle, ngoba, ngokusho kukaPeñuelas, into ekhathazayo ngalesi simo ukuthi iyasibangela izimo zokugcwala. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izitshalo zishoda ngamanzi ngenxa yesomiso ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, noma zintula izakhi zomzimba ngoba zilinganiselwe kakhulu. Okubi kakhulu, umkhawulo wezitshalo ukuntuleka kokukhanya.
Umphumela walokhu okungenhla ukuthi ubukhulu boluhlaza buyeka ukusebenza futhi bumunce i-CO2 esiyikhiphayo ngakho-ke kwandisa umthelela wokushisa okushisayo. Ukuxazulula lokhu, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kukhona ifayela le- umkhawulo wokumunca we-CO2 weplanethi nokuthi uhlobo lwempilo esiyijwayele kufanele luguqulwe ngoba, uma luqhubeka kanjena, iplanethi izoshisa kakhulu.