Umkhuba weLa Niña

intombazane ikhiqiza imvula enamandla

Isimo se-El Niño siyezwakala cishe kuwo wonke umuntu onikezwe umthelela wawo kwisimo sezulu somhlaba. Noma kunjalo, ukuthi kuyini nokuthi kusebenza kanjani akwaziwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kukhona futhi into ephambene ne-El Niño eyaziwa njengeLa Niña.

ILa Niña ibuye ikhiqize nezinguquko ezibalulekile esimweni sezulu seplanethi futhi imiphumela yayo ibaluleke impela. Ngakho-ke, sizokhuluma ngokujulile ngalesi simo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke mayelana nokwenzeka kweLa Niña?

I-El Niño Phenomenon

Isici se-El Niño

Ukuze siwazi kahle lo mkhuba waseLa Niña, kufanele siqale siqonde kahle ukuthi u-El Niño usebenza kanjani. Okokuqala, kungani bekubiza ngokuthi yinto futhi kungani u-El Niño? Umkhuba kusayensi yemvelo akuyona into engavamile, kepha noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa okungokomzimba okungabonwa ngemuva kokubukwa okuqondile noma ukulinganisa okungaqondile. Ngakho-ke, i-El Niño nemvula ziyizimo zesimo sezulu.

Igama lika-El Niño lanikezwa ngabadobi bedolobha lasePaita enyakatho nePeru ngokubhekisele kusana olunguJesu, ngoba lesi simo savela ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi.

Uyini umcimbi we-El Niño? Yebo, indlela ejwayelekile yokuziphatha kwemimoya yokuhweba ePacific ukuthi iyashaya kusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Le mimoya idudula amanzi asuke ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika bese ewayisa e-Oceania nase-Asia. Wonke lawo manzi ashisayo anqwabelana enza imvula nesimo sezulu esishisayo kulezi zindawo. Okwenzeka eNingizimu Melika ngukuthi wonke amanzi afudumele ashukumile afakwa ngamanzi abandayo aqhamuka ekujuleni abheke phezulu. Lo mfula wamanzi abandayo ubizwa ngokuthi I-Humboldt yamanje.

Lesi simo samanzi ashisayo entshonalanga namanzi abandayo empumalanga sidala umehluko emazingeni okushisa kulo lonke iPacific Ocean, okusinika wona isimo sezulu esishisayo e-Oceania nengxenye ye-Asia. Khonamanjalo, umoya ophakeme emkhathini uhamba uye kolunye uhlangothi, okuholela ohlelweni lokujikeleza komoya olududula njalo amanzi afudumele asentshonalanga. Lesi yisimo esijwayelekile olwandle iPacific kanye nesimo sezulu.

Kepha into ka-El Niño, eyenzeka njalo ngemijikelezo yeminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, iyashintsha yonke le misebenzi. Lesi simo siqala ngokubanga ukuwa kwemimoya yezohwebo, okwenza wonke amanzi afudumele agcinwe e-Oceania ahambele ngaseNingizimu Melika. Lapho la manzi efinyelela ogwini, la manzi ayahwamuka futhi akhiqize izimvula ezinkulu ngokungavamile, kuyilapho isimo sezulu ngakolunye uhlangothi lwePacific soma, kubangela isomiso esibi.

Isimo seLa Niña

ukwenzeka kwentombazane kuphambene nokwomfana

Usuvele uyazi ukusebenza okuvamile kwemisinga yolwandle nemimoya yezohwebo ye-Pacific Ocean. Yebo, manje kuzoba lula kuwe ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yini into eyenzeka eLa Niña.

Igama elithi La Niña lakhethwa ngoba liphambene noMntwana, yize lingenzi mqondo omkhulu, ngoba likhuluma ngeNgane uJesu. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, imimoya yezohwebo ivunguza ngamandla amakhulu kunokujwayelekile, okwenza ukuthi amanzi ashisayo amaningi agcinwe emaphethelweni ase-Oceania nase-Asia. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kunezimvula ezinkulu kulezi zindawo, kodwa kuba nesomiso esibi kakhulu eNingizimu Melika.

Lezi zimo ezimbili zikhiqiza ukusweleka kwezinhlanzi nezinhlekelele zemvelo.

Imiphumela yesimo seLa Niña

intombazane ibanga ukoma ePeru

Isimo seLa Niña ngokuvamile sithatha izinyanga futhi imiphumela esiyilethayo yile elandelayo:

  • Ukucindezela kwezinga lolwandle kuyehla esifundeni sase-Oceania, kanye nokwanda okufanayo ePacific eshisayo nasendaweni eshisayo ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi; okudala ukwanda komehluko wengcindezi okhona phakathi kwemikhawulo yomibili ye-Pacific esenkabazwe.
  • Umoya we-alder uyaqina, okwenza ukuthi amanzi ajulile aqandayo agudle i-equatorial Pacific aqhubeke abe ngaphezulu.
  • Imimoya yokuhweba enamandla ngokungajwayelekile inamandla amakhulu okuhudula ebusweni bolwandle, ikhulisa umehluko olwandle phakathi kwemikhawulo yomibili ye-Pacific esenkabazwe. Ngalokho ulwandle luyancipha emaphethelweni eColombia, e-Ecuador, ePeru nasenyakatho yeChile futhi kuyanda e-Oceania.
  • Njengomphumela wokuvela kwamanzi abandayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Equator, izinga lokushisa lolwandle lincipha ngaphansi kwenani lesimo sezulu. Lokhu kufaka ubufakazi obuqonde kakhulu bokuba khona kwento yaseLa Niña. Kodwa-ke, okungahambi kahle kokushisayo okuphezulu kuncane kunalokho okurekhodwe ngesikhathi se-El Niño.
  • Ngesikhathi semicimbi yaseLa Niña, amanzi ashisayo ePacific esenkabazwe agxila esifundeni esiseduze ne-Oceania futhi kungaphezu kwalesi sifunda lapho sikhula khona imisinga ebandayo yentombazane.
  • Imvula iyanda eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, izingxenye ezithile ze-Afrika, iBrazil kanye ne-Australia, lapho izikhukhula zaziyoba yinto evamile.
  • Imvamisa yeziphepho neziphepho e-United States iyanda.
  • Ukuwa kweqhwa okungaba ngumlando kwezinye izingxenye ze-US.
  • Isomiso esikhulu entshonalanga Melika, eGulf of Mexico, nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Izinga lokushisa kulezi zindawo lingahle libe ngaphansi kunokujwayelekile.
  • Endabeni yeSpain neYurophu ngokubanzi, imvula ingakhula kakhulu.

Izigaba zomkhuba weLa Niña

imisinga ebandayo yentombazane

Le nto ayenzeki kanjena kusuka komzuzu owodwa kuya komunye, kepha ukuzibonakalisa ngokuphelele, kudlula ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene.

Isigaba sokuqala siqukethe into ka-El Niño iqala ukuba buthakathaka. Imvamisa, lezi zinto ezimbili ziyindilinga, ngakho-ke emva kokunye kuqala. Lapho imimoya yokuhweba eyekile iqala ukushaya futhi futhi umoya wamanje uzinza njengokujwayelekile, iLa Niña ingaqala ukulandela uma ijubane lemimoya yezohwebo liqala ukuba phezulu ngokungavamile.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi iLa Niña iqala ukwenzeka lapho imimoya yezohwebo ivunguza ngamandla futhi kunokushintsha kwangaphambilini kwendawo yokuhlangana okuhlangana nenyakatho kusuka endaweni yayo ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokudlulisa izinkomba ePacific iyanda.

Ososayensi bakhomba ukuthi iLa Niña iyakhula lapho kwenzeka:

  • Ukwenza buthakathaka kwamanje kuqhathaniswa nenkabazweYena, okwenza ukuthi amanzi afudumele aqhamuka ezingwini zase-Asia, awathinti amanzi amancane ePacific of America.
  • Ukunwetshwa kwezindawo zasolwandle, ezenzeka ngenxa yokuqina kwemimoya yezohwebo. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka lapho inani elikhulu lamanzi angaphezulu lithathelwa indawo ngamanzi abandayo ekujuleni futhi zonke izakhamzimba ezazingaphansi kwezingqimba ezingaphezulu kakhulu zikhuphuka. Ngokudla okunomsoco okwedlulele, izinto eziphilayo nezinhlanzi ezihlala lapho ziyanda futhi kuyinto enhle kakhulu ngokudoba.
  • Ukuqiniswa kwamanzi aseningizimu nenkabazwe, ikakhulukazi eduze nenkabazwe, kuhudula amanzi abandayo anciphisa amazinga okushisa ePacific esempumalanga nasenkabeni.
  • Ukusondela okukhulu kwe-thermocline (isifunda lapho ukwehla ngokushesha kwezinga lokushisa) ebusweni bolwandle ePacific eshisayo, ethanda ukuhlala unhlobo kwezinhlobo zasolwandle ezithola ukudla kwazo isikhathi eside.

Isigaba sokugcina senzeka lapho imimoya yezohwebo iqala ukuphelelwa amandla futhi ishaye ngamandla ejwayelekile enza.

Yimiphi imijikelezo into yaseLa Niña enayo?

imiphumela yengane

Lapho iLa Niña yenzeka, imvamisa ihlala phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-9 neminyaka emi-3, kuya ngobukhulu bayo. Imvamisa, uma kufushane ubude besikhathi sayo, imiphumela eba namandla kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi elimazayo ikhonjiswa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala.

Imvamisa iqala kusukela maphakathi nonyaka, ifike ebunzimeni bayo obukhulu ekugcineni, bese isakazeka maphakathi nonyaka olandelayo. Kwenzeka kaningi kuno-El Niño. Imvamisa kwenzeka phakathi kwezikhathi zeminyaka emi-3 kuya kwengu-7.

Singaziyeka lezi zenzakalo?

Impendulo ithi cha. Uma besifuna ukulawula ubukhona noma umfutho wazo zombili lezi zinto, kufanele sikwazi ukulawula amazinga okushisa oLwandlekazi iPacific. Ngenxa yenani lamanzi olwandle, kufanele sisebenzise wonke amandla akhiqizwayo ku- ukuqhuma kwamabhomu angama-400.000 20 e-megaton hydrogen ngamunye ukuze akwazi ukufudumeza amanzi. Lapho sesingakwenza lokho, besingafudumeza amanzi asePacific ngokuthanda, yize kuzofanele siwapholise futhi.

Ngakho-ke, kuze kube kutholakala indlela yokulawula lezi zenzakalo, singavimba kuphela, siqaphele kakhulu ukuba khona kwalezi zimo ukuze sakhe izinqubomgomo zokwenza nokunciphisa imithelela futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, unikeze usizo kulabo abahlukunyeziwe.

Akukaziwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi kungani lezi zinto zenzeka, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi zenzeka kaningi ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba kudambisa ubukhona balezi zimo nokusakazwa kwesixuku samanzi.

Ngalolu lwazi ngiqinisekile ukuthi njalo lapho uzwa igama lalezi zinto zombili, uzokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi liyini.


Amazwana ayi-2, shiya okwakho

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.

  1.   izembe kusho

    kuyajabulisa

  2.   Samantha kusho

    Iqiniso ukuthi, lokhu akuphelele, kunemiphumela, kepha hhayi izimbangela, kungishiye nginganelisekile ngomphumela.