Phakathi kwezintaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu kukhona i- Intaba-mlilo i-Etna. Yaziwa nangokuthi iNtaba i-Etna futhi iyintaba-mlilo esogwini olusempumalanga yeSicily engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Italy. Kubhekwa njengentaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu njengoba iqhuma njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Iyintaba-mlilo eheha ezokuvakasha eziningi futhi ingumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo kulesi siqhingi.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ngezici, ukuqhuma kanye nokufuna ukwazi kwentaba-mlilo i-Etna.
Izici eziyinhloko
Le ntabamlilo idlula idolobha laseCatania esiqhingini saseSicily. Sekuneminyaka engaba ngu-500.000 2001 ikhula futhi ibinochungechunge lweziqhumane ezaqala ngonyaka ka-XNUMX. Ike yabhekana nokuqhuma okuningana, okubandakanya ukuqhuma okunobudlova nokugeleza okukhulu kwelava. Bangaphezu kwama-25% abantu baseSicily abahlala emithambekeni yeNtaba i-Etna, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo kulesi siqhingi, kufaka phakathi ezolimo (ngenxa yenhlabathi yaso ecebile yentaba-mlilo) nezokuvakasha.
Ekuphakameni okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-3.300 XNUMX, iyintaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke futhi ebanzi kunazo zonke ezwenikazi laseYurophu, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke esigodini saseMedithera nentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Italy eningizimu ye-Alps. Ubheke uLwandle i-Ionian ngasempumalanga, uMfula iSimito entshonalanga naseningizimu, noMfula i-Alcantara ngasenyakatho.
Intaba-mlilo ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1.600 35, inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-XNUMX ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, okuyindilinga ye- cishe amakhilomitha angama-200 nevolumu engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-500.
Ukusuka olwandle kuye esiqongweni sentaba, ukubukeka kwendawo nokushintsha kwendawo kuyamangalisa, kanye nezimangaliso zayo zemvelo ezicebile. Konke lokhu kwenza le ndawo ihluke kubantu abahamba izintaba, abathwebuli bezithombe, izazi zemvelo, izazi zezintaba-mlilo, inkululeko engokomoya, nabathandi bemvelo bomhlaba nepharadesi. I-Eastern Sicily ibonisa izindawo eziningi ezahlukahlukeneKepha ngokombono wokuma komhlaba, ibuye inikeze ukwehluka okumangalisayo.
I-Etna volcano geology
Izici zayo zokwakheka komhlaba zibonisa ukuthi i-Etna Volcano ibilokhu isebenza kusukela ukuphela kweNeogene (okungukuthi, iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-2,6 edlule). Le volcano inesikhungo semisebenzi esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kwakhiwa izigaxa eziningana zesibili emifantwini eguqukayo esukela enkabeni iye ezinhlangothini. Isakhiwo samanje sentaba siwumphumela wemisebenzi okungenani yezikhungo ezimbili ezinkulu zokuqhuma kwentaba.
Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-200 kuphela, sidlula ezifundazweni zaseMessina, eCatania naseSirakuse, kukhona amapuleti amabili e-tectonic ahlukene anezinhlobo zamadwala ezihluke kakhulu, kusuka emadwaleni we-metamorphic kuya emadwaleni nasezintweni ezingenalutho, indawo engaphansi, amaphutha amaningi wesifunda. INtaba i-Etna, izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo eziQhingini zase-Aeolian nezindawo eziqhuma intaba-mlilo yasendulo ethafeni leziNtaba zase-Ibleos.
Kukhona isisekelo saphansi esishubile ngaphansi kweNtaba i-Etna, esingafinyelela ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1.000 XNUMX, okwenza ubukhulu bedwala lentaba-mlilo okunqwabelene eminyakeni engama-500.000 cishe kungamamitha ayi-2.000 XNUMX.
Izinhlangothi ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga zamadwala ase-sedimentary ezansi kwentaba-mlilo ukulandelana kweMiocene-turbidite (okwenziwe ngamadwala athwalwa yimisinga yolwandle), kuyilapho izinhlangothi zaseningizimu nasempumalanga zinamasilwandle acebile asePleistocene.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngenxa ye-hydrogeology yale ntaba-mlilo, indawo icebile emanzini kunayo yonke iSicily. Eqinisweni, udaka lungena kakhulu, lusebenza njenge-aquifer, futhi luhlala esisekelweni esingenakunyakaziswa, esingangeneki. Singacabanga iNtaba i-Etna njengoba isiponji esikhulu esingamunca imvula yasebusika neqhwa lasentwasahlobo. Wonke la manzi adabula umzimba wentaba-mlilo futhi ekugcineni aphuma emithonjeni, ikakhulukazi eduze kokuthintana phakathi kwamatshe angenakugwinywa nangenayo.
Ukuqhuma kanye namapuleti we-tectonic wentaba-mlilo i-Etna
Phakathi kuka-2002 no-2003, uchungechunge olukhulu kakhulu lokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eminyakeni eminingi lwakhipha izinqwaba zomlotha, lokho kungabonakala kalula kusuka emkhathini, kuya eLibya, ngakolunye uhlangothi loLwandle iMedithera.
Umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba ngesikhathi kuqhuma udale ukuthi uhlangothi olusempumalanga lwentaba-mlilo lushelele phansi amamitha amabili, futhi izindlu eziningi ohlangothini lwentaba-mlilo zathola ukulimala kwesakhiwo. Ukuqhuma kwaqothula futhi uRifugio Sapienza ngokuphelele eningizimu nentaba-mlilo.
Kunemibono eminingi yokuthi kungani intaba-mlilo i-Etna isebenza kangaka. Njengezinye izintaba-mlilo zaseMedithera ezinjengeStromboli neVesuvius, isemkhawulweni wokudonswa phansi, kanye ne-African tectonic plate icindezelwa ngaphansi kwepuleti lase-Eurasia. Yize zibonakala zisondele ngokwendawo, intaba-mlilo i-Etna empeleni yehluke kakhulu kwezinye izintaba-mlilo. Empeleni iyingxenye ye-arc volcic ehlukile. I-Etna, esikhundleni sokuhlala ngqo endaweni engaphansi, empeleni ihlala phambi kwayo.
Kutholwe kunephutha elisebenzayo phakathi kwepuleti lase-Afrika kanye ne-microplate yase-Ionia, bashibilika ndawonye ngaphansi kwepuleti lase-Eurasia. Ubufakazi obukhona bukhombisa ukuthi amapuleti e-ionic alula kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi aphukile, amanye awo abuyiselwa emuva ngamapuleti asindayo ase-Afrika. IMagma ngqo evela engutsheni yoMhlaba imuncwa isikhala esakhiwe yipuleti le-ionic elithambekele.
Lesi simo singachaza uhlobo lwentaba-mlilo eveliswa ukuqhuma kweNtaba i-Etna, efana nohlobo lwelava olukhiqizwe emifantwini yolwandle olujulile, lapho i-magma yengubo iphoqeleka ukuba idlule kuqweqwe. I-lava evela kwezinye izintaba-mlilo ingeyohlobo olukhiqizwa ukuncibilika koqweqwe olukhona kunokuba kuqhume ungqimba lwejazi.
Curiosities
Eminye yemikhuba ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu yale ntaba-mlilo yile elandelayo:
- Ivele kumdlalo we-Star Wars
- Kwakunemizamo eminingana yokulawula ukugeleza kodaka olusongela ukubhubhisa idolobha laseCatania.
- Kuyinto stratovolcano. Lolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo lubhekwa njengenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuqhuma kwalo okuqhuma kakhulu.
- Igama lika-Etna lisho ukuthi "Ngiyasha."
- Olunye udaka lwentaba-mlilo luneminyaka engama-300.000 lukhona.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nentaba-mlilo i-Etna nezimpawu zayo.