I-Great London Smog

inkungu enkulu yaseLondon

Ukunukubezeka komoya kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngokukhishwa kwamagesi anobuthi abamba ukushisa akhishwa yizimboni nezokuthutha. Icala elinjalo eliyingozi liyenzeka inkungu enkulu yaseLondon yakhiqizwa ngonyaka ka-1952. Yinkathi lapho inkungu engcolisayo futhi yanqwabelana ngenxa yamaphethini omkhathi okufanele siyilandele futhi yabangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, izimbangela kanye nemiphumela yenkungu enkulu eLondon.

Inkungu Enkulu yaseLondon

eLondon ngo-1952

Ngokuvamile, amadolobha aseNtshonalanga Yurophu aphefumule umoya ohlanzekile eminyakeni yamuva. Izibuyekezo zokungcoliswa kwezingqimba eziwugqinsi cishe njalo zibhekisela emadolobheni asenyakatho yeChina, lapho izithombe zemigwaqo eqhele ngamashumi amamitha zingenakubonwa ngenxa yokusabalala kwentuthu ebangelwa yigciwane. IWorld Health Organisation isixwayise kaningi abantu ngobungozi besifo samaphaphu nesenhliziyo esiphila ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Elinye lamacala adume kabi kwaba yinkungu enkulu yaseLondon ngo-1952, eyaphinda yenziwa ngesizini yokuqala yochungechunge lwaseBrithani iThe Crown.

Ngo-December 5, inhlekelele embi kakhulu yokungcola emlandweni yaqala eBritish Isles. ILondon yashaywa umoya obandayo amasonto amaningi, ngakho ukufudumeza imizi namahhovisi, bakwenza lokho ngokushisa kwamalahle avuthayo.

Abantu base bejwayele “inkungu” kangangokuthi abazange bamangale ngokuthi ukungcoliswa komoya kuminyanisa amadolobha enkungwini engcole kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Esimweni esinjalo, ukungcola kwakukukhulu kangangokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukubona ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi lomgwaqo kuya kolunye; kwezinye izingxenye zempumalanga yeLondon, izinyawo bezingabonakali, ngokusho kwe-BBC.

Umlobeli we-ABC uchaze lesi simo ngale ndlela:

“Le nkungu ewugqinsi ecishe iqine edla amabhasi endulelwa ngumuntu ohamba ngezinyawo ephethe imbazo yenhlaka esandleni; ezivala umsindo; lokho kuphoqa "amabhayisikobho" ukuthi amemezele emphakathini ukuthi "ukubonakala kwesikrini akudluli umugqa wesine"; lokho kumisa, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-December 8 odlule, ukudlala kweLa Traviata ngenxa ye-laryngitis engazelelwe ye-tenor nama-soprano amabili nangenxa yokuthi amakhwaya awakwazanga ukubona induku ye-maestro; lokho futhi kungena ezindlini nasemaphashini; lokho kungcolisa impahla yasendlini futhi kube mnyama izingubo namathe, anamathele engilazini, emakhethini nasemidwebo, isishayo senhliziyo, sesifuba somoya kanye nalabo amashubhu abo e-bronchial ahlupheka futhi afa. Bafa ngaphandle kosizo, ngezinye izikhathi, ngoba udokotela akakwazi ukudlula "ingubo" ngesikhathi, okunciphisa umkhathizwe ube ngamayadi amabili.

Izimbangela Zenkungu Enkulu yaseLondon

inkungu enkulu yaseLondon

Ekuseni, inkungu yaqala ukushintsha umbala ngenxa yobuningi bomsizi ophuma koshimula kanye nokungcola kwezimoto, isimo okufanele sibe sibi nakakhulu ukuthi ama-tram kagesi asanda kushintshwa amabhasi asebenzisa udizili. Lezi zici zihlangane ku-cocktail ebulale izinkulungwane zezimpilo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Izinsuku ezinhlanu, inkungu ewugqinsi evela endaweni ebandayo engenamoya yagubuzela enkabeni yeLondon kanye nebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-20; intuthu emnyama eyedlulele ekushiseni izinto ezimbiwa phansi ezisezingeni eliphansi yenza inkungu yaqina, yanotha ngesibabule, futhi yakhipha izinhlayiya ze-sulfuric acid. Kukhiqizwa into ebizwa nge-smog, ingxube yenkungu nentuthu eyingozi kakhulu empilweni.

Idolobha libe yibhamuza lokunukubezeka komoya: lalingabonakali uma usuka kude namamitha, Ukuhamba komhlaba kanye nezindiza kuma futhi abantu bazulazula emigwaqweni begqoke imaski yobuso. Kwaqoshwa izigcawu zaseDantesque, njengabashayeli abashayela izimoto zabo bekhiphe amakhanda ngamawindi, baphoqeleka ukuthi bashiye izimoto zabo phakathi nomgwaqo zingabonakali.

Amalahle abelokhu enguwoyela oyinhloko waseLondon kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Sezadlula izinsuku lapho izinkuni zokubasa zazisetshenziselwa ukushisisa izigodlo nezindlu zabantu, njengoba amahlathi ayeyindlala ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi noma izindlu, impahla eyigugu. Inkinga phakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX yayiyinkinga yezomnotho eyakhungathekisa iGreat Britain, ibophezelekile ukuthumela ngaphandle kwamalahle ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, namanye amalahle anenani eliphezulu lesulfure ukuze ayisebenzisele wona.

umsebenzi nokufa

ukungcola ngokweqile

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkungu ayizange inciphe nje kuphela, kodwa yaqina futhi yaqina. Amakhonsathi amaningi ahoxiswa ngenxa yokuthi kwaze kwangena intuthu endaweni evaliwe; okuhlanganisa nokudlalwa kweLa Traviata eSadler's Wells Theatre kwamiswa ngoba inkundla ibingabonakali emadokodweni. Iziphathimandla ziphinde zaxwayisa imindeni ukuthi ingazihambisi izingane zayo esikoleni funa ziduke endleleni.

Okuwukuphela kwento engazange ikhanselwe umjaho wendabuko onqamula izwe phakathi kwamaqembu e-Oxford neCambridge eWimbledon. Yiqiniso, abagijimi bamabanga amade kwakudingeka bagqoke izifihla-buso ukuze bavimbele amaphaphu abo ukuba angagcwali ngamagesi anobuthi, futhi babeqondiswa amajaji, abamemeza: “Ngale ndlela, ngale ndlela! sonke isikhathi.

Ngokunengqondo, lezi zimpawu zesihogo zidale ukwanda kokucekelwa phansi kwempahla nobugebengu: ukuphanga, ukugetshengwa kanye nokwebiwa kwezikhwama nezikhwama, ngenxa yendawo yokukhosela ehlinzekwa ubumnyama. Kepha into egqame kakhulu isibalo sabantu abashonile abaqoshwe phakathi nezinsuku ezinhlanu inkungu iqhubeke, njengoba kukhunjuzwa, kanye nemiphumela: kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwafa abantu abayi-12.000, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nasebekhulile, ngenxa yokutheleleka kwamaphaphu okuphefumula okuphezulu. , i-hypoxia, noma ukuvinjelwa kwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu esihogweni sobumnyama nentuthu eyingozi, inkungu enkulu yaphakanyiswa ngoDisemba 9, lapho umoya onamandla wasentshonalanga uthwala amafu ayingozi usuka eLondon uwayise oLwandle Olusenyakatho. Njengoba ibhekene nenhlekelele yemvelo, iPhalamende laseBrithani laphoqeleka ukuba lithathe izinyathelo zomthetho ezinzima ukuze kukhawulwe ukusetshenziswa kwezibaseli zezinsalela zezimboni nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nenkungu enkulu yaseLondon nemiphumela yayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.