Siyazi ukuthi umkhathi uqhubeka ukhula nokuthi ukudalwa nokubhujiswa kwezinkanyezi nezinhlelo zezinkanyezi kuyenzeka. Ososayensi bathole a inkanyezi efile ecekela phansi uhlelo lweplanethi. Lokhu okutholakele kuwuhlabe umxhwele wonke umphakathi wesayensi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokutholakala kwenkanyezi efile ebhubhisa isimiso seplanethi.
Inkanyezi efile ecekela phansi uhlelo lweplanethi
Izazi zezinkanyezi zase-UCLA zithole inkanyezi encane emhlophe edla izinto ezinamatshe, ezineqhwa. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi inkanyezi, okuyinto Iminyaka engama-86 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni., imunca udoti kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi kohlelo. Izimo zangaphambilini kuphela zobuzimuzimu bendawo yonke ezibonise inkanyezi edla izinto eziphuma ngaphandle kwesistimu yayo, kodwa le dwarf emhlophe idla izinto eziphuma ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesistimu, okusikisela ukuthi ingase ibhubhise lonke isistimu yayo yezinkanyezi.
Umbhali wephepha u-Ted Johnson, ongumfundi we-UCLA physics kanye ne-astronomy, uthe banethemba lokuqonda kangcono amasistimu elanga ngokufunda lezi zilwane ezincane ezimhlophe. Inkanyezi G238-44, eseduze neLanga lethu, udle ezinye izinkanyezi, ngokusho kwedatha evela kuHubble Space Telescope nezinye izibonakude zeNASA. Ubufakazi neziphetho kwafinyelelwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto ezathwebula umkhathi oseduze walenkanyezi.
Lapho inkanyezi efana neLanga lethu iphelelwa uphethiloli, ibhidlika ibe inkanyezi encane emhlophe, ngokuvamile eminyene kakhulu futhi ilingane neplanethi. Izinkanyezi zishisa i-hydrogen ezinkambeni zazo, kodwa lapho ziphela i-hydrogen, zishisa i-helium enkabeni yazo. Lapho inkanyezi yenza lokhu, ingakhula ibe nkulu ngokwanele ukuba igwinye iplanethi yayo eseduze kakhulu. Njengoba inkanyezi iguga, ingaba yidlozi elimhlophe.
Isikhathi lapho inkanyezi ibhekana nalolu shintsho olukhulu, okuyinto ingahlala iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-100, ingaba yingozi kakhulu kumaplanethi aseduze. Izazi zezinkanyezi zase-UCLA zibone inkanyezi enomsila emhlophe eshwabadela ama-asteroids. Inkanyezi, etholakala endaweni engama-86 light-years ukusuka eMhlabeni, idla impahla ngaphakathi nangaphandle kohlelo lwayo. Ithimba lezazi zezinkanyezi zase-University of California Los Angeles (USA) libone inkanyezi emhlophe encane edla ama-asteroids kanye nenkanyezi enomsila. Inkanyezi imunca izinto ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle nengaphakathi zesistimu yayo, okwenza kube ngokokuqala ngqá ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinto zasemkhathini zibonwe zihlangene ndawonye enkanyezini encane emhlophe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuphenya
UTed Johnson uthemba ukuthi ngokutadisha lezi zilwane ezincane ezimhlophe singakwazi ukuqonda kangcono izimiso zamaplanethi ezisekhona. I-Hubble Space Telescope nezinye izimboni ze-NASA zisize izazi zezinkanyezi ukuba zibone indaba yokuqala yobuzimuzimu bendawo yonke lapho inkanyezi emhlophe emfishane idle kokubili okuneqhwa kanye nensimbi enamatshe. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-asteroid noma umzimba ofana nezinto ezitholakala ebhandeni le-Kuiper (i-circumstellar disk yesistimu sonozungezilanga wangaphandle, engaphandle kwendlela ye-Neptune kodwa eseduze nobuso bezinkanyezi zethu) ihlanganiswa ne-White dwarf.
Lokhu kutholwa kwenziwa ngokuhlaziya igesi eyayithathwe umkhathi wezinkanyezi. Inkanyezi encane emhlophe yakha lapho inkanyezi encane, njengamalanga ethu, iphelelwa amandla enuzi. Izinkanyezi zishisa uphethiloli wazo kancane kakhulu, zisebenzisa i-hydrogen emnyombweni wazo. Lapho ziphelelwa i-hydrogen, zingasebenzisa i-helium enkabeni yazo ukuze ziqhubeke nokuxubha. Lapho inkanyezi ikhukhumala futhi ishwabadela iplanethi eseduze nayo, iyaguga futhi isisondele ekupheleni kokuphila kwayo.
ukwakheka kwama-white dwarfs
Izinkanyezi ezindala kunazo zonke ekugcineni ziba ama-white dwarfs. Ibhande le-Kuiper liyisifunda esigcwele izinto ezineqhwa, njenge-Arrokoth. Ngale komjikelezo we-Neptune kukhona ibhande le-asteroid, futhi ngale kwalokho, amaplanethi anamadwala. Ukube isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga besidlula esikhathini saso soguquko (oluthatha iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-100), inkanyezi emhlophe yesikhathi esizayo izodla izinsalela zala maplanethi, kanye nama-asteroids ebhande le-asteroid.
Ukutholakala kwaleli cala lokudla abantu basezulwini kuyathakazelisa ngoba akubonisi nje kuphela lokhu kuguquka kwenkanyezi kusuka esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga, kodwa ngoba lezi zinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye nezinkanyezi ezinomsila kukholakala ukuthi ziye zashayisana noMhlaba ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi zeminyaka edlule, ziletha amanzi emhlabeni wethu, zakha ukuphila okuhle. izimo. Uprofesa we-UCLA uBenjamin Zuckerman kanye nabanye abacwaningi bathole ukuthi inkanyezi emhlophe encane inezici ezifana ne-carbon, umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen, okubonisa ukuthi inkanyezi yake yaba nomzimba womzali onamadwala, ocebile oguquguqukayo. Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi lesi yisibonelo sokuqala esitholakala emakhulwini ama-white dwarfs abawacwaninga.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda okwengeziwe ngenkanyezi efile ebhubhisa isimiso seplanethi.