Indiza yeBenioff

Lapho sifunda izingqimba zomhlaba, sifinyelela iphuzu esilibizayo Indiza yeBenioff. Kuyindawo lapho kuneminyakazo emikhulu yokuzamazama komhlaba emaphethelweni we amacwecwe e-tectonic futhi lokho kuyaqhubeka ngakolunye uhlangothi lomsele wasolwandle. Le ndiza yaseBenioff ibaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokwazi ithonya lokuzamazama komhlaba okuthile ebusweni.

Sizochaza ukuthi ibaluleke kangakanani indiza iBenioff ukuqonda amandla omhlaba. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngakho, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.

Iyini indiza yeBenioff

Izazi zokwakheka komhlaba uHugo Benioff noKiyoo Wadati bazobhekela kuphela ukubheka ukuba khona kwale ndawo esebenza ngokuzamazama komhlaba. Kungakho, kule ndawo yaziwa nangokuthi igama likaWadati-Benioff. Yindawo lapho ukunyakaza kokuzamazama komhlaba kusebenza khona emaphethelweni amapuleti.

Lapho ukwehliswa kwe-lithosphere yasolwandle kwi-lithosphere yezwekazi kwenzeka, kwenzeka ngendiza esika ubuso bese yakha uhlobo lwe-arc yilokho okunquma umsele wasolwandle. I- Umsele wase-Oceanic Yindawo lapho ucwecwe lwasolwandle lunqamula khona lubheke ngaphakathi komhlaba ukuze lunyamalale ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzoba nenye indawo lapho kuvela khona ipuleti elisha lasolwandle futhi kukhiqizwa inhlabathi. Le yindlela iplanethi yethu eyakha futhi ibhubhise ngayo i-lithosphere ngokuqhubekayo.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi, lapho ipuleti eliphakathi kokuncishiswa lihlikihla elinye ipuleti eliphikisanayo, ngakho-ke, kwenziwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okuthile. Inani nobukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba kuncike ekuhambeni nasekuhambeni kwesikhathi okwenzekayo. Ukugxila kokuzamazama komhlaba kuvela emgqeni we-concave ochazwe umsele wasolwandle okunguyena ophatha wonke umugqa wokubamba. Le ndawo lapho amapuleti angaphansi komhlaba nokuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka khona yaziwa ngokuthi yindiza yaseBenioff.

Ngokulandelayo, leli phuzu noma lisebenza nokuphelela futhi kulapho zombili izingqimba ze-tectonic zihlangana. Kule ndiza kunama-hypocentres noma ama-foci wokuzamazama komhlaba. Ama-hypocenters yilawo lapho ukujula okukhulu kugxilwe ngokwamabanga ukusuka emseleni wolwandle. Lo mnikelo wenziwe ngusosayensi uHugo Benioff, yingakho igama lakhe.

Izici zendiza yeBenioff

Ngokuya ngomshini lokhu okukhona kuyisicaba, kukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba okuhlukahlukene okungadalwa endaweni yokuhlangana. Sizohlaziya uhlobo ngalunye lwesici olubangelwa yilezi zinqubo:

• Kusesifundeni esiseduze kakhulu nomsele wasolwandle lapho ukunyakaza kokuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka khona kuvela kabi. Lokhu kunyakaza kungenxa yomphumela ijika le-lithosphere elinalo lapho ipuleti liqala ukuthoba kwelinye.
• Uma siya esifundeni esiphakathi, siyakubona lokho kuyingxenye enobuso obuningi bayo yonke le ndiza yaseBenioff. Kule ndawo kulapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangelwa ukuqubuzana kwepuleti elilodwa nelinye ngenkathi kusenzelwa ukuthathwa komhlaba.
• Yilokhu kungqubuzana phakathi kwamapuleti ngesikhathi senqubo yokubanjwa okubanga ukuzamazama komhlaba okujule kakhulu. Zingaba khona ekujuleni phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-300 kuya kwangu-700. Lawa aqhelelene kakhulu nomgodi futhi angumphumela wokuncipha okungazelelwe kwazo zonke izakhi ezithwala ngenxa yokulungiswa kwalezi zingxenye ukucindezela. Siyakhumbula ukuthi, Njengoba sikhuphula ukujula, kanjalo nengcindezi iyanda. Le ngcindezi yiyo eveza ukuthi izakhi ezethulwa ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zomhlaba kufanele zivumelane nendawo ezungezile.

Izinga lokuthambekela kwendiza iBenioff liyahluka kuye ngendawo esikuyo. Isilinganiso sawo wonke la mithambeka sikhulu kuneziqu ezingama-45. Kuseduze nendiza enezingqimba.

I-lithosphere

Siyakukhumbula lokho lithosphere Ungqimba lomhlaba oqinile. Isici saso esiyinhloko ukuthi sinobunzima obukhulu. Yilokhu okunquma ukuthi yini engakha uqweqwe lomhlaba nengubo engenhla. Ingubo engenhla ungqimba olungaphandle impela futhi kungashiwo ukuthi iyantanta e-asthenosphere. Indawo yokuhlangana phakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba nengubo engenhla iyona esebenza kakhulu ngenxa yamapuleti tectonics.

La Ukuqhuma kwezwekazi kucabanga okuncane kakhulu kunolwandle. Ngakho-ke, lapho kunokunyakaza kwepuleti kunemiphumela ehlukile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izingqimba ezimbili zezwekazi zingqubana, zinobuningi obufanayo, azinqobi ngaphezu kolunye. Okwenzekayo kulezi zimo ukuthi a I-orogenesis. Uma ipuleti lasolwandle lishayisana nepuleti lasezwenikazi, yilona elenza indawo engaphansi. Sikhuluma ngolwandle ngokuqhubekayo luncipha nendawo futhi lwenza ingxenye yoqweqwe lwasolwandle ingene ngaphakathi kwengubo yomhlaba.

Lapho impahla entsha ingeniswa ngokuqhubekayo engubeni yomhlaba, kulapho i- imibukiso ye-convection. Le mizila ye-convection izoba ngenxa yezinguquko zobuningi ezintweni zokwakha. Khumbula ukuthi ukunyakaza phakathi kokuminyana kwenzeka kusuka lapho kukhona ukuminyana okukhulu kuya lapho kukhona ukuminyana okuncane.

I-lithosphere yakhiwe ngochungechunge lwamapuleti we-tectonic emaphethelweni alapho kuzoba khona zonke lezi zimo ze-geological. Njengomphumela wokuxabana phakathi kwepuleti elithobayo kanye neplani yezwekazi i-magmatism kanye nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kuyenzeka. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye ne-orogenesis nakho kwenzeka ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.

Ukubaluleka kwendiza iBenioff

Le ndiza yaseBenioff ibaluleke kakhulu lapho ifunda ngamamephu wokuzamazama komhlaba wezindawo ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Yindawo lapho isenza sibone ukunyakaza okuhlukile kwamapuleti etektoni. Kuyasiza kakhulu ekubikezeleni ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba okuthile kuzokwenzeka kuphi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, indawo yaseBenioff iyathakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ukunyakaza kwamanje kwamapuleti. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngalo.