Kulo mhlaba, ezinye izindawo ziyingozi kakhulu kunezinye, ngakho amagama alezi zindawo agqama kakhulu futhi ungase ucabange ukuthi la magama abhekisela ezintweni eziyingozi kakhulu. Kulokhu, sizokhuluma ngakho Ukukhala Komlilo kusuka ePacific. Leli gama libhekisela endaweni ezungeze lolu lwandle, lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemisebenzi yentaba-mlilo kuvame kakhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-Ring of Fire, lapho itholakala khona nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.
Iyini indandatho yomlilo
Kule ndawo emise okwezicathulo zehhashi kunesiyingi, kuye kwaqoshwa inani elikhulu lokuzamazama komhlaba nemisebenzi yentaba-mlilo. Lokhu kwenza le ndawo ibe yingozi kakhulu ngenxa yenhlekelele engase ibe khona. Le ndandatho isuka eNew Zealand iye kulo lonke ugu olusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, ngobude obuphelele obungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-40.000. Iphinde inqamule lonke ugu lwaseMpumalanga Asia kanye ne-Alaska, idlule engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNyakatho neMelika Ephakathi.
Njengoba kushiwo ku-plate tectonics, leli bhande liphawula unqenqema lapho i-Pacific Plate ihlangana khona namanye amapuleti amancane e-tectonic akha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uqweqwe. Njengendawo enokuzamazama komhlaba okuvamile kanye nentaba-mlilo, ihlukaniswa njengendawo eyingozi.
Ukuziqeqesha
I-Pacific Ring of Fire yenziwa ngokuhamba kwamapuleti e-tectonic. Amapuleti awalungisiwe, kodwa ahlala enyakaza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-convection ku-mantle. Umehluko wokuminyana kwezinto ubangela ukuthi zinyakaze futhi wenze amapuleti e-tectonic anyakaze. Ngale ndlela, ukufuduka kwamasentimitha ambalwa ngonyaka kufinyelelwa. Asizange sikuqaphele ngesilinganiso somuntu, kodwa uma sihlola isikhathi se-geologic, siyavela.
Ezigidini zeminyaka, ukunyakaza kwalezi zingcwecwe kwaqala ukwakheka kwePacific Ring of Fire. Amapuleti e-Tectonic awahlangene ngokuphelele, kodwa kunezikhala phakathi kwawo. Zivamise ukujiya ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-80 futhi zinyakaza nge-convection kule ngubo eshiwo ngenhla.
Uma lezi zingcwecwe zihamba, zivame ukuhlukana futhi zishayisane. Ngokuya ngobuningi bento ngayinye, eyodwa ingacwila phezu kwenye. Isibonelo, ukuminyana kwamapuleti olwandle kukhulu kunamapuleti ase-continental. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho izingcwecwe ezimbili zishayisana, zitshuza phambi kwelinye. Lokhu kunyakaza nokushayisana kwamapuleti kwakhiqiza imisebenzi eqinile yejoloji emaphethelweni amapuleti. Ngakho-ke, lezi zindawo zibhekwa njengezisebenzayo ikakhulukazi.
Imingcele yamapuleti siyithola:
- Umkhawulo wokuhlangana. Ngaphakathi kwale mikhawulo kunezindawo lapho amapuleti e-tectonic eshayisana khona. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ipuleti elisindayo lishayisane nepuleti elilula. Ngale ndlela kwakhiwa indawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-subduction zone. Ipuleti elilodwa lidlula kwelinye. Kulezi zindawo lapho lokhu kwenzeka khona, kunezintaba-mlilo eziningi, ngoba lokhu kuncishiswa kubangela ukuba i-magma ikhuphuke oqweqweni lomhlaba. Ngokusobala, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso. Lena inqubo ethatha izigidigidi zeminyaka. Yakhiwa kanje i-volcanic arc.
- Imikhawulo ehlukanisayo. Ziphambene ncamashi nokuhlangana. Phakathi kwalawa mapuleti, amapuleti asesimweni sokuhlukana. Unyaka ngamunye zihlukanisa kancane, zakha indawo entsha yolwandle.
- Imikhawulo yenguquko. Kulezi zithiyo, amapuleti awahlukanisiwe futhi awaxhumekile, ashelela kuphela ngokuhambisana noma avundlile.
- Izindawo ezishisayo. Ziyizifunda lapho izinga lokushisa lengubo ngqo ngaphansi kwepuleti liphakeme kunezinye izifunda. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, i-magma eshisayo ingakhuphukela phezulu futhi ikhiqize izintaba-mlilo eziqhuma kakhulu.
Imingcele ye-plate ibhekwa njengezindawo lapho i-geology kanye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kugxilwe khona. Ngakho-ke, kuvamile ukuthi izintaba-mlilo eziningi kangaka nokuzamazama komhlaba kugxile ePacific Ring of Fire. Inkinga yilapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka olwandle futhi kubangela i-tsunami kanye ne-tsunami ehambisanayo. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ingozi izokhula ize ifinyelele ezingeni lokuthi ingaholela ezinhlekeleleni ezifana nalezo zaseFukushima ngo-2011.
Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo weNdandatho Yomlilo
Kungenzeka uye waqaphela ukuthi ukusakazwa kwezintaba-mlilo emhlabeni akulingani. Ngokuphambene nalokho. Ziyingxenye yendawo enkulu yomsebenzi wokwakheka komhlaba. Uma ungekho umsebenzi onjalo, intaba-mlilo ngabe ayikho. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangelwa ukuqoqwa kanye nokukhululwa kwamandla phakathi kwamapuleti. Lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kuvame kakhulu emazweni ethu e-Pacific Ring of Fire.
Futhi ngabe yilokhu I-Ring of Fire yiyona egxilisa u-75% wezintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo zeplanethi yonke. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungamaphesenti angama-90 nakho kwenzeka. Kuneziqhingi ezingenakubalwa namaqoqo eziqhingi ndawonye, kanye nezintaba-mlilo ezihlukahlukene, ezinokuqhuma okunobudlova. Amakhothamo entabamlilo nawo avame kakhulu. Zingamaketanga ezintaba-mlilo eziphezu kwamapuleti okwehlisa.
Leli qiniso lenza abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke bathakasele futhi bethuswe yile ndawo yomlilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla ezenzo zabo makhulu futhi angabangela izinhlekelele zemvelo zangempela.
Amazwe elidlula kuwo
Lolu chungechunge olubanzi lwe-tectonic luhlanganisa izindawo ezine eziyinhloko: eNyakatho Melika, eMelika Ephakathi, eNingizimu Melika, e-Asia nase-Oceania.
- I-America esenyakatho: Igudla ogwini olusentshonalanga yeMexico, i-United States, neCanada, iqhubeke iye e-Alaska, futhi ijoyine i-Asia eNyakatho Pacific.
- IMelika Ephakathi: ihlanganisa izindawo zasePanama, eCosta Rica, eNicaragua, e-El Salvador, eHonduras, eGuatemala naseBelize.
- ENingizimu Melika: Kule nsimu ihlanganisa cishe yonke iChile nezingxenye ze-Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador kanye neColombia.
- I-Asia: ihlanganisa ugu olusempumalanga yeRussia futhi iyaqhubeka kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia anjengeJapane, iPhilippines, iTaiwan, i-Indonesia, iSingapore neMalaysia.
- Oceania: I-Solomon Islands, iTuvalu, iSamoa ne-New Zealand amazwe ase-Oceania lapho kukhona i-Ring of Fire.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Pacific Ring of Fire, umsebenzi wayo nezici zayo.