I-Indian Ocean Bathymetry
E-Indian Ocean, inani le- Imvula yehluke kakhulu emaphethelweni ayo. Ngesikhathi ngisehlathini elinomswakama laseSumatra lina kakhulu, isifunda esivele somile seMpumalanga Afrika sithintekile yi isomiso. Abaphenyi abavela eCentre for Research on Biodiversity and Climate (BiK-F), iCalifornia Institute of Technology (CIT), i-University of Southern California kanye ne-University of Bremen babonile ukuthi lesi simo sesimo sezulu esi-bipolar siye saqhubeka ngesikhathi iminyaka eyi-10000 XNUMX edlule.
Ucwaningo lomshayeli olushicilelwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule ku- "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" lukhanyisa uhlelo lwesimo sezulu olunamaphethini emvula anomthelela omkhulu esimweni sezulu somhlaba jikelele. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lunentshisekelo ekhethekile kubacwaningi besimo sezulu.
I-Los izindawo ezishisayo zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ohlelweni lwesimo sezulu somhlaba jikelele, phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba ziyimvelaphi yezimo zezulu ezeqile njenge-El Niño nezimvula ezinkulu. Esinye sezifunda ezibaluleke kakhulu zalolu hlobo yi-Indo-Pacific, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kwazise ingumthombo omkhulu kunayo yonke womphunga wamanzi asemkhathini, kanye nemvula enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Abaphenyi babone ushintsho emvuleni yolwandle olusogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Indonesia eminyakeni engama-24000 eyedlule ukuze baqonde kangcono amaphethini emvula wendawo namandla.
Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, kubonakala sengathi I-Indian Ocean dipole (I-Indian Ocean Dipole), ibilokhu iyisici esiqhubekayo sohlelo lwesimo sezulu sesifunda kule minyaka eyizi-10000 XNUMX edlule. Phakathi kobunye ubufakazi, amaphethini emvula angathandeki abonwa emaphethelweni asempumalanga nasentshonalanga oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya, ahlobene ngqo. Imvula dipole izibonakalisa ngendlela yokuthi ukuphakama kwemvula ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Indonesia, kwehlisa imvula eMpumalanga Afrika futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Lolu cwaningo olusha, olugxile emanani aphansi emvula athatha isikhathi seminyaka engama-30, kukhombisa ukuthi iphethini efanayo igcinwe ngesikhathi iminyaka engama-10000 edlule. "Lezi zinhlobo zokubheka mayelana nesikhathi esedlule zingasiza ekuhlukaniseni ukukhishwa kwemvelo kwemvula kuleyo ebangelwe ngumuntu, kubhekwe kubaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuqhubekayo" kuphawula uDkt Eva Niedermeyer (BiK-F), umqondisi walolu cwaningo .
UNiedermeyer nozakwabo abasebenza naye ocwaningweni basebenze ngamasampuli entaka yasolwandle asuswe olwandle olusogwini olusentshonalanga yeSumatra ngamamitha angama-481. Bagxila ama-wax atholakala ezitshalweni zomhlabaUngqimba ebusweni bezitshalo obuzivikelayo ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni nasekuhlaselweni ngamagciwane, okusala emhlabathini.
Ngakho-ke kuyenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwe izinguquko zemvula ezedlule ngokulinganisa ukwakheka okuzinzile kwe-hydrogen isotopic emafektri ezitshalo zomhlaba, ngoba imvula ingumthombo oyinhloko we-hydrogen egcinwe ezintweni zezitshalo. Le ndlela ikhulisa ukuqhathanisa okuqondile ngokunwetshwa okuncane kakhulu kwesikhashana ngezikhathi ezedlule.
Ngokuphela kwesikhathi sokugcina seqhwa kwafika amazinga okushisa anyukayo nokuncibilika kwamakhekheba eqhwa asezindaweni ezibandayo, okwakuhambisana nemvula eyandayo ezungeze i-Indonesia nakwezinye izindawo eziningi zomhlaba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, irekhodi le-wax lesitshalo elibonwe ocwaningweni lisitshela ukuthi imvula enkulu ngesikhathi seLast Glacial Maximum neHolocene yayifana ncamashi.
Inani lemvula ebelina eminyakeni engama-24000 edlule libukeka lihlobene nezinga lokuvezwa kweSplatform yaseSonda futhi ikakhulukazi nesimo sendawo esithile somphetho osentshonalanga yesifunda, hhayi kuphela umkhawulo wezimo zezulu zokuncipha. Lokhu bekungekhona obekulindelwe, njengoba kususelwa ezifundweni ezedlule bekucatshangwa ukuthi sonke isifunda besomile kakhulu ngesikhathi seGlacial Maximum yokugcina kuqhathaniswa nezimo zamanje, kuphetha uNiedermeyer.
Yize ucwaningo luqhakambisa ukuthi izinguquko zesikhathi eside emandleni emvula azihlali zibangelwa ngabantu, akusho ukuthi ukungahleleki kwesikhashana okukhona emazweni asemaphethelweni oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya futhi ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile azikho ngaphansi kwethonya lomuntu.
Izifunda ze-Indian Ocean zibhekene nokwanda kwabantu, futhi isimo sezulu esingesihle esikhathini esizayo singaholela ezingxabanweni zepolitiki nezenhlalo. Ulwazi olungcono lwezimo zezulu kanye nezinqubo ezifihliwe ezikhiqizayo kule ndawo kuzosiza ekwandiseni ukuxazululwa kokuqagela kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuvikela lolu hlobo lwengxabano, kulindelwe imiphumela yesimo sezulu.
Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe: Isomiso sibhebhethekisa inkinga yokudla eSahel, I-Indonesia isengcupheni yokuwa ezimvula ezinkulu
Fuentes: USenckenberg