imvula yokwenziwa

Esinye sezici eziphikisana kakhulu mayelana ne-meteorology imvula yokwenziwa. Uma kubhekwa izimo ezingaba khona zesomiso esidonsa isikhathi eside kanye nokwanda kwenani lesomiso kanye namandla azo okubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kwenziwa imizamo yokudala imvula yokuzenzela ukuze kuqedwe imiphumela yesomiso nokuphakelwa kwemithombo yamanzi kubantu.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezifundo ezihlukahlukene eziye zenziwa ngemvula yokwenziwa kanye nalokho osekuzuziwe kuze kube manje.

imvula yokwenziwa

Amanzi angenye yemithombo yemvelo eyigugu kakhulu emhlabeni futhi, kwezinye izifunda, enye yendlala kakhulu. Muva nje, ngenxa yemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isomiso sithatha isikhathi eside. Yingakho ososayensi emhlabeni wonke umhlaba ubufunda imvula yokufakelwa kusukela ngo-1940, nakuba izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuyilawula zingakatholakali. Noma kunjalo, amazwe amaningana ayaqhubeka nokuzama ukutshala amafu, njengeShayina ne-United Arab Emirates.

Amasu asetshenzisiwe kuze kube manje ancike ekufuleni amafu ngamakhemikhali afana ne-iodide eyisiliva noma ikhabhoni eyiqhwa eqandisiwe ukuze kudaleke umjikelezo wokujiya emafini, okuholela emvuleni. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle kwale nqubo akuzange kufakazelwe.

Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, iNational Meteorological Center yase-United Arab Emirates ikwazile okokuqala ukukhiqiza imvula yokwenziwa ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali. Ukuze benze lokhu, basebenzisa uxhaxha lwezindiza ezingabambisene ezazikhipha ugesi emafwini, zidale imvula. Le nqubo kumele ilawulwe kahle, njengoba amazinga okushisa aphezulu esifundeni angenza umoya ufudumale futhi ube nomswakama. ukukhuphuka emoyeni opholile osemkhathini, okukhiqiza imimoya efinyelela ku-40 km/h. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla emvula yokwenziwa etholwe eDubai aphakeme futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuthi izimoto zijikeleze kwezinye izindawo.

ukutshala kwamafu

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iChina isivele imemezele kulo nyaka ukuthi izokwandisa ukutshala kwamafu. Amandla ase-Asia amashumi eminyaka ezama ukulawula isimo sezulu, ememezela ekuqaleni kuka-2021 ukuthi azokwandisa ukutshala kwamafu kumakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-5,5, kulokhu kuphela. icala i-China izoqhubeka nokuhlola amakhemikhali.

Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela engalindelekile endaweni ezungezile, ikakhulukazi uma kuhloswe ukuthi kufakwe ngendlela ehlelekile kunokuba kube ngesikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yonke into esetshenziswa kule nqubo izowela phezulu futhi incibilike lapho kunemvula eyikhiqizayo, okungenzeka iguqule ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwesifunda.

Ososayensi futhi besaba ukuthi lesi sinyathelo saseShayina sizothinta izindawo ezingomakhelwane, njengemvula yasehlobo eNdiya. Inyuvesi yaseTaiwan iphinde yagxeka ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zingasho "ukweba imvula".

Nakuba ukuphumelela kokutshala amafu kungafakazelwa, ososayensi sebevele baxwayisa ngokuthi ukuxhashazwa kwemvula akusona isixazululo senkinga yangempela: ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Imvula yokwenziwa yenziwa kanjani

Amazinga okushisa eMpumalanga Ephakathi adlule ku-50°C kuleli hlobo. E-United Arab Emirates (UAE), igagasi lokushisa lilethe amazinga okushisa aphezulu kunawo wonke emlandweni waleso sikhathi sonyaka.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imvula ilinganiselwe kumamilimitha ambalwa ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, kuvele amavidiyo amaningana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana akhombisa imvula kule ndawo. Yingakho abaningi bephakamise ukuthi i-United Arab Emirates idale imvula yokwenziwa.

Ukutshala amafu kuwumkhuba wokusebenzisa isimo sezulu osekuyiminyaka engama-80 ukhona. Kuwuhlobo lwe-geoengineering oluvame ukuba yimpikiswano ngoba ukusebenza kwayo kusengatshazwa. Ikhishwa izinto ezifana ne-silver iodide esefwini, eyenza ukujiya kwamaconsi amanzi futhi ikhiqize imvula yokwenziwa.

I-iodide esiliva isebenza "njengesikafula" lapho ama-molecule amanzi anganamathela aze abe nzima kakhulu aze awele phezu komhlaba. Ngale ndlela, amafu alula angaguquka abe yiziphepho zangempela, ezikwazi ukumelana nesomiso.

E-United States, ukukhiqizwa kwemvula yokwenziwa nakho kwasetshenziswa kwezempi ngaphambi kokuba kuvinjelwe iZizwe Ezihlangene. Nokho, ukuphumelela kwayo ekungqubuzaneni akukaze kufakazelwe. Ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu kusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela iziphepho ezinamandla ukuthi zingadabuki phakathi kwamafu. Kusukela ngo-1990, i-UAE yethule isikhungo socwaningo esixhaswe nguhulumeni esizinikezele ekutshaleni amafu.

Imvula yokwenziwa emazweni ase-Arabia

Inhloso wukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwamanzi, lolu hlelo lunezindiza eziyisithupha kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-1.5. "Ukuna kwemvula okuthuthukisiwe kungamela insiza yezomnotho nesebenzayo ezokhulisa izindawo zokugcina amanzi ezikhona manje ezindaweni ezomile nezisagwadule," ifundeka kanjalo isizindalwazi salolu hlelo. I-UAE ifisa ukuba umholi emvuleni yokwenziwa.

Amavidiyo amaningi emvula enkulu yezwe avela esiteshini se-YouTube se-UAE's National Center for Meteorology (NCM). Le nhlangano iphinde yashicilela ama-tweets ambalwa phakathi namasonto ashisa kakhulu esifundeni, ene-hashtag ethi #cloud_seeding. Kodwa noma kunjalo, akucaci ukuthi kwenzekeni kuleli hlobo. Eqinisweni, i-NCM yathi lezi zenzakalo zazivamile ngalesi sikhathi.

Ngo-2019, i-UAE yenze okungenani imisebenzi engu-185 yokutshala amafu. Ekupheleni kwalowo nyaka, izimvula ezinamandla nezikhukhula zavala izimoto emigwaqweni. Ngo-2021, i-NCM izoqhuba izindiza eziyi-126 zokutshala amafu, okuhlanganisa ne-14 phakathi noJulayi, ukuze kukhiqizwe imvula yokwenziwa, ngokusho kwephephandaba i-Gulf Today.

E-US, lo mkhuba uvinjelwe ezifundazweni ezifana nePennsylvania, kanti kwezinye izingxenye zezwe udumile ngezikhathi zesomiso. Phakathi kuka-1979 no-1981, iSpain nayo yazama ukukhiqiza imvula yokwenziwa nge-"Enhanced Precipitation Project". Nokho, imvula ayizange ikhule ngenxa yokukhula kwamafu. Impumelelo isekulweni nesichotho, indlela esetshenziswe ezifundeni eziningana zaseSpain ukugwema ukulahlekelwa kwezolimo.

Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemvula yokwenziwa kanye nemiphumela engaba nayo.