Izulu radar

Esimweni sezulu kanye nokubikezela isimo sezulu, kubalulekile ukwazi imvula ezokwenzeka endaweni ethile kusenesikhathi ukuze, uma kunesidingo, ithathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela uma kunesimo esiyingozi. Ukwenza lokhu, kukhona amadivayisi angakhombisa futhi aqhubeke nokuqapha imvula endaweni ethile. Yaziwa njenge-radar yemvula.

Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi zisebenza kanjani nokuthi zisetshenziselwa kanjani ukubikezela imvula?

Imvula radar

Kulabo abangazi namanje, igama elithi radar livela esiqeshaneni sesiNgisi ukuthola umsakazo nokuqhamuka. Lokhu kusho "ukutholwa kwebanga lomsakazo nokukalwa." Ama-radar asezindaweni eziningi, njengamakhamera wejubane. Esimweni sezulu, izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-radar zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha isimo ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zomkhathi futhi yazi ukuvela kwezinhlelo zasemkhathini.

I-rada isebenzisa uhlelo lwamagagasi kagesi ukuze ikwazi ukukala amabanga, izinkomba, ukuphakama nokushesha kwezinto, zombili ezimile nezihambayo. Ngale ndlela, bayakwazi ukuqapha izimoto, izindiza, imikhumbi, njll. Kulokhu, zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukwakheka kwesimo sezulu futhi zibe nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuhamba kwamafu.

Ukusebenza kwayo kulula. Zakha ukushaya komsakazo futhi lokhu kubonakala kulitshe, kutholwa kusuka endaweni efanayo yomthumeli. Ngenxa yalokhu ungathola imininingwane eminingi ngesimo samafu, ukuminyana kwawo nokuma kwawo, uma bekhula, uma bezodala imvula ethile, njll.

Izinto ze-radar

Wonke ama-radar adinga izinhlobo eziningana zezinto ukuze ukusebenza kwawo kube okulungile. Ukusetshenziswa kwala magagasi kagesi athunyelwe ama-radar kusivumela ukuba sibone ngeso lengqondo izinto ezindaweni ezikude. Okuhle kunakho konke, hhayi kuphela ukuthi ungazi indawo yamafu kububanzi bokukhanya okubonakalayo, kepha futhi kunikeza imininingwane ngomsindo.

Izinto eziyinhloko ama-radar azidingayo ekusebenzeni kwazo yilezi:

• Idlulisela. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amasiginali wemvamisa ephezulu azothunyelwa kamuva.
• Uthi. I-antenna inesibopho sokuthumela nokwamukela leso siginali samaza aphakeme esizonikeza imininingwane ngokuma kwamafu.
• Umamukeli. Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ukuthola nokukhulisa isignali ethathwe ngothi ukuze ifundeke.
• Uhlelo evumela ukukhombisa imiphumela etholwe kuzilinganiso.

I-Doppler radar

I-Doppler radar uhlelo olukwazi ukukala okuguquguqukayo okuningi entweni efanayo. Iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana inkambo, ibanga nokuphakama kwento, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuthola ukushesha kwayo. Ngalolu hlobo lwe-radar, izazi zezulu ziyakwazi ukwazi ukuguquguquka kwefu futhi ngaleyo ndlela bazi inkambo enayo, ukwakheka kwayo namathuba okubangela imvula.

I-Pulsed Doppler radar isuselwa ekuphumeni kwamapulse amathathu ngesilinganiso esithile futhi, kusetshenziswa umphumela we-Doppler, isivinini esiphambanweni esihambisanayo sento ezolinganiswa singaziwa. Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zama-radar zingalinganisi kahle amabanga, azisizi kakhulu ukwazi indawo ngqo yento.

Isisekelo sethiyori se-radar

Ukuqonda kahle ukusebenza kwe-radar yezulu kuyadingeka ukwazi isisekelo sethiyori. Lawa ma-radar asebenza njengomsebenzi wokuhamba kwezinto maqondana ne-radar engxenyeni eqondane nokuqondiswa kokukhanya. Le nhlangano ikhiqiza ushintsho kumvamisa wegagasi le-electromagnetic ezikhiqiza lapho ukukhanya kwehlela phezu kwazo. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ilanga liwela entweni ezofundwa, ukuvama kwegagasi elikhipha ugesi elikhiphayo kuyehlukahluka. Ngalokhu kwehlukahluka, i-radar iyakwazi ukwazi ukuma, isihloko kanye nesivinini sento, kulokhu, ifu.

Lapho ifu lisondela ku-radar linomthelela omuhle kumaza amaza akhishwe ngaphambili. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho into isuka kude ne-radar, iba nethonya elibi. Umehluko phakathi kwezikhathi ezikhishiwe nezamukelwe yilezi lezo ezivumela ukubala ijubane lapho into ihamba khona.

Ukugoba komhlaba

Impela uke wacabanga ukuthi ikwazi kanjani ukukala indawo yezinto emabangeni amade uma uMhlaba uyindilinga hhayi uyisicaba. Izinto ezikude kakhulu "zishaywa" yi-curvature yomhlaba. Ukunquma ukuphakama kwento, Ukuvunda komhlaba kufanele kubhekwe. Izinto ezikude kakhulu neziseduze komhlaba azikwazi ukubonwa ngalolu hlobo lwe-radar, ngoba zingaphansi komkhathi.

Into ewusizo kakhulu ngale radar ukuthi ungathola imininingwane yesikhathi sezulu sangempela. Lokho wukuthi, ungasazi isimo somkhathi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubikezela ubukhulu bemvula, ubukhona besichotho, isivunguvungu, izivunguvungu, ukuqondisa namandla omoya, njll.

Ukuhunyushwa kwezithombe ze-radar

Lapho kwenziwa izilinganiso nge-radar yezulu, izithombe zitholwa nalo lonke ulwazi olutholakalayo. Izithombe kufanele zihunyushwe kahle ekubikezeleni kwazo okulandelayo. Izithombe zinenganekwane ohlangothini lwazo lwesokudla olubonisa inani lombala ngokususelwa ekubukekeni kwamanzi okungagxuma.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwamafu akhona esibhakabhakeni, umbala owodwa noma eminye ungabonakala esithombeni:

Amafu eStratocumulus. Lawa mafu akhiwa ngamaconsi amanzi ngokuphelele. Amaconsi amanzi mancane kakhulu ngosayizi, ngakho-ke anikeza isignali ephansi kakhulu.

I-Altocumulus. Lawa mafu wokuphakama maphakathi anezinga lokuqandisa, eliphakeme ngokwanele, ukuthi eningi enziwe ngamakristalu eqhwa namaconsi amanzi apholile kakhulu. Amakristalu e-ice enza isignali ye-radar ibe nkulu.

Ukuzikisa. Lapho kulindeleke imvula kungenxa yokuthi kuma-radar emvula kuyenzeka ukubheka ukuthi amakristalu eqhwa asemkhathini akhula kanjani aze awe. Ukubukeka kweRadar kuyanda njengoba amakristalu eqhwa encibilika emanzini ngoba i-dielectric engaguquguquki yamanzi ketshezi inkulu kuneyeqhwa.

IStratocumulus enamachaphaza amancane. Lawa mafu angabonakala uma i-stratocumulus ingamamitha amakhulu ubukhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kwenziwa ama-drizzles amancane angakhula uma ukungazinzi komkhathi kuqhubeka.

I-AEMET radar

Isikhungo Sezemvelo Sombuso Ine-radar yemvula eqapha isimo somkhathi imini nobusuku. Inikeza ulwazi mayelana namafu, ukuqondiswa kwawo, isivinini, nokuphakama kwawo. Ngenxa yale radar, izimvula zingabikezelwa kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili.

Lapha Uzokwazi ukubona ngesikhathi sangempela izithombe i-radar ye-AEMET esikhombisa zona ngaphezu kwenhlonhlo.

Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukwazi ukuthi ama-radar emvula asebenza kanjani nokuthi izazi zezulu zibazi kanjani amandla asemkhathini ngokunemba okunjalo.