Phakathi kweminye yemiphumela emibi yokungcoliswa komoya yimvula ene-asidi. Le mvula ingadalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Enye yazo yi- imvula ene-asidi evela entaba-mlilo. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kukhiphela amagesi amaningi ayingozi emkhathini angadala imvula ene-asidi.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nemvula ene-asidi evela entaba-mlilo, ukuthi iyini imiphumela nokuthi ikhiqizwa kanjani.
Iyini imvula ene-asidi evela entaba-mlilo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemvula ene-asidi, yokwenziwa (eyenziwe umuntu) kanye neyenzeka ngokwemvelo, ebangelwa amagesi entaba-mlilo.
imvula ye-anthropogenic acid Ngokuyisisekelo ikhiqizwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ukushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi noma ukushiswa kwezitshalo., ekhiqiza amagesi angcolisayo angena emkhathini abangele umonakalo ongenakulungiseka. Lapho la ma-aerosol angcolisayo ehlangana nomhwamuko wamanzi osemkhathini, abuya njengemvula eneasidi.
Imvula ene-asidi evela kuntaba-mlilo ikhiqizwa lapho amaconsi amanzi emvula encibilika engabekezeleleki i-sulfuric acid (H2SO4) ne-nitric acid (HNO3). Womabili ama-acids akhiwa ukusabela kwesulfure trioxide (SO3) ne-nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ngamanzi (H2O). Ngenxa yalokho, i-acidity yamanzi imvula ifinyelela ezingeni elibalulekile lika-3,5 kuya ku-5,5, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-pH evamile yamanzi ezungeze u-6,5.
Imiphumela yemvula ene-asidi evela entaba-mlilo
Kubantu kungaphazamisa ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abanesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona. Kungabangela ukukhwehlela nokuminyanisa; ukwanda kwamazinga e-asthma engapheli kanye ne-acute, i-bronchitis eyingozi, ne-emphysema; izinguquko ohlelweni lokuzivikela lwamaphaphu, okuyinto zithuthukiswa kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo nezifo zamaphaphu; ukucasuka kwamehlo nemigudu yokuphefumula, Njll
Imithelela yemvula ene-asidi emhlabathini nasezitshalweni:
Yandisa i-acidity yamanzi emifuleni nasemachibini, ibangele ukulimala kwezilwane zasemanzini njengezinhlanzi (izinhlanzi zasemfuleni) nezitshalo. Ibuye ikhulise i-acidity yenhlabathi, eguqulela izinguquko ekubunjweni kwayo, ikhiqize i-leaching (ukugeza) yezakhi ezibalulekile zezitshalo, njenge-calcium, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, njll., futhi ihlanganise izinsimbi ezinobuthi ezifana ne-cadmium, i-nickel, i-manganese, i-lead, i-mercury, i-chromium, njll. Zibuye zifakwe emanzini nakumaketanga okudla ngale ndlela.
Izimila ezichayeke ngokuqondile emvuleni ene-asidi ziyahlupheka hhayi kuphela imiphumela yokuwohloka kwenhlabathi, kodwa nomonakalo oqondile, okungaholela emlilweni.
Iyini i-dynamics yemvula ene-asidi?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi avelaphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi avela ezimbonini noma ezemvelo, amagesi angcolisayo akhuphuka esuka emhlabeni aye emkhathini, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile naphakathi nobusika, angawohloka ukuze akhe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imvula eneasidi. Ngokuya ngesiqondiso nesivinini semimoya, lokhu kuzoba indawo ethintekile lapho kukhiqizwa khona. Elinye igama i-sedimentation eyomile, lapho ukungcola kuhlala khona ngaphandle kwemvula, okungukuthi, kuhlala ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo.
Imvula ene-asidi ayinakugwenywa njengoba ikhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe obudinga ukuthi umuntu aphile. Nokho, umthelela wayo ungancishiswa ngokusebenzisa amasu afanele. Ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala ohlelweni lokuphefumula, izakhamuzi eziseduze zingafaka amaduku amanzi emakhaleni azo futhi zihlale kude nendawo yesigameko ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengoba ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungaholela emonakalweni ongenakulungiseka njengomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Imvula ene-asidi entaba-mlilo yaseLa Palma
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo e-La Palma kwakuhilela ukukhishwa kwamagesi afana nomhwamuko wamanzi, i-carbon dioxide noma i-sulphur dioxide. Ukwanda kokugcwala kwe-sulphur dioxide (SO2), igesi ekhiqiza imvula ene-asidi lapho lina, kubalulekile.
Igesi ekhishwe yilokhu kuqhuma iye yatholwa ezikhathini eziningi njengento engcolisa umoya evela emisebenzini yezimboni. Ngenxa yokuthutha komkhathi, ukukhishwa kwe-SO2 kungakhiqiza imvula ene-asidi eqhele ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Ngenxa yalokho, imvula eneasidi ilimaza amahlathi kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kwalapho kukhishwa khona igesi engcolisayo.
Ukugxiliswa okuphezulu kwe-SO2 kutholwe phezu kwe-Canary Islands, okunengqondo. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi imvula enyakatho nasempumalanga yesiqhingi ibe nokuguquguquka okukhulu, imvula ibe ne-acidic ngaphezu kokujwayelekile kanye ne-pH ibe ngaphansi kancane. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwe-SO2 kuthintwa izintaba-mlilo ngakho ikhwalithi yehla kakhulu. Amamodeli wokubikezela umkhathi aphakamisa ukuthi igesi yahanjiswa yayiswa empumalanga namaphakathi nenhlonhlo, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni emaphakathi nesempumalanga.
Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, izimvula eCanary Islands bekulindeleke ukuthi zibe ne-asidi kancane ezinsukwini ezilandelayo ngemva kokuqhuma kodwa azizange zibe yingozi empilweni, nokuthi ukugxila komkhathi wesulfure dioxide kusondele kumazinga angaphezulu.
Kulezi zimo, imiphumela ye-sulphur dioxide ekhishwe izintaba-mlilo ezimeni zezulu ezingaphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomoya yayimincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi ukukhishwa kwale gesi kuye kwafinyelela eSpain ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Atlantic Ocean.
Imiphumela endaweni
Sibonile ukuthi imvula ene-asidi efika ngesikhathi ayibonisi noma iyiphi ingozi empilweni noma endaweni ezungezile. Nokho, lapho lesi simo sesivamile, siba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Izilwandle zingase zilahlekelwe yizinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokukhiqiza. Ukwehla kwe-pH yamanzi olwandle kungalimaza i-phytoplankton, umthombo wokudla wezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene nezilwane ezingashintsha uchungechunge lokudla futhi kubangele ukushabalala kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zasolwandle.
- Amanzi amaphakathi nezwe nawo ayagaya ngesivinini esikhulu, iqiniso elikhathazayo ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ecabangela ukuthi, nakuba i-1% kuphela yamanzi eMhlabeni ehlanzekile, i-40% yezinhlanzi ihlala kuwo. Ukufakwa kwe-Acid kwandisa ukugcwala kwama-ion ensimbi, ikakhulukazi ama-ion e-aluminium, angabulala izinhlanzi eziningi, izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini, nezitshalo zasemanzini emachibini ane-asidi. Futhi, izinsimbi ezinzima zingena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, angasakufanelekeli ukuphuzwa.
- Emahlathini, i-pH yenhlabathi ephansi kanye nokugxila kwezinsimbi ezifana ne-aluminium kuvimbela uhlaza ekumunceni kahle amanzi nezakhamzimba eziwudingayo. Lokhu kulimaza izimpande, kubambezele ukukhula, futhi kwenza isitshalo sibe ntekenteke kakhulu futhi sibe sengozini yezifo nezinambuzane.
- Imvula ene-asidi iphinde ibe nomthelela kwezobuciko, umlando kanye namagugu amasiko. Ngaphandle kokugqwala kwezakhi zensimbi zezakhiwo nengqalasizinda, kungalimaza nokubukeka kwezikhumbuzo ngaphakathi kwazo. Umonakalo omkhulu uyenzeka ezakhiweni ze-calcareous, njengemabula, ezincibilika kancane kancane ngesenzo se-asidi namanzi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemvula ene-asidi evela entaba-mlilo, ukuthi ikhiqizwa kanjani nokuthi iyini imiphumela yayo.