Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lokuguquguquka olubaluleke kakhulu lapho kusungulwa uhlobo lwesimo sezulu esifundeni esithile. Imayelana ne- imisebe. I-Irradiance ubuningi obulinganisela amandla endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi yemisebe yelanga endaweni ethile. Leli nani lemisebe yelanga ehlasela indawo lilinganiswa ngaphezu kwesikhathi nesikhathi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-irradiance nokubaluleka kokusungula izinhlobo zezulu.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Irradiance ubukhulu obusisiza ukukala ukuthi imisebe yelanga iwela kangakanani endaweni ethile futhi ngesikhathi esithile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi akuyona yonke imisebe yelanga eyenziwe yilanga efinyelela kwiplanethi yethu. I-Irradiance ivezwe ngamayunithi wamandla endaweni ngayinye. Imvamisa amanani ashiwo kuma-watts ngemitha eyisikwele. Uma sibhekisa kwimisebe yelanga sizobe sikhuluma ngenani le-irradiance okutholwa indawo enikeziwe ngeyunithi yesikhathi.
Isibonelo, singasho ukuthi i-irradiance endaweni iyi Ama-watts ayi-10 ngemitha eyisikwele nehora. Lokhu kusho ukuthi leli nani lemisebe yelanga liwela kwimitha elilodwa lesikwele njalo ngehora. Ngale ndlela, singazi ukuthi ingakanani imisebe yelanga etholwa yindawo ethile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo sezulu olukhona endaweni ethile.
Siyazi ukuthi imisebe yelanga ingukuguquguquka okubalulekile kwenani lamazinga okushisa endaweni. Uma le ndawo ithola inani elikhulu lemisebe yelanga, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi inezinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa magugu yilawo asungula umbuso omoya okhona kanye nezinye zezimo zomkhathi ezidala imvula. Ilanga liyinjini edala izimo zasemkhathini ezifana nemvula ukuthi zikhiqizwe ku-troposphere. Imisebe yelanga ishisa ingxenye yendawo, idale umoya ozungezile ushise futhi uthambekele ekukhuphukeni.
Endaweni lapho kukhuphuka khona umoya, kuzokwakhiwa uhlobo lwegebe okumele ligcwaliswe ngomunye umoya. Yile ndlela okusungulwa ngayo imibuso yomoya. Umehluko omkhulu okhona phakathi kokuminyana komoya, kukhula umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi yizimo ezinhle zokudala ama-anticyclone neziphepho.
Umsuka we-irradiance
Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, imisebe yelanga ebusweni bomhlaba iyindlela yokwengeza isikhawu esithile lapho imisebe ithinta khona indawo ehlungiwe ngokufakwa komkhathi. Imininingwane esiyinikwa yimisebe yelanga ebusweni izoncika esikhathini sonyaka, i-latitude, isimo sezulu ngokujwayelekile nesikhathi sosuku esikulo.
Imisebe kagesi ivela elangeni. Kungamandla avela ekuphenduleni kwenuzi okwenzeka njalo ngaphakathi kwelanga. Lokhu kusabela kwenuzi ama-hydrogen nuclei amabili ahlangana akhe i-helium nucleus. Phakathi kwale nhlanganisela yama-athomu, kukhishwa inani elikhulu lamandla, elikhishwa ngendlela yemisebe.
Kumele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi ukushisa okwenziwe yilokhu kusabela kubangela ukuthi ilanga libe yisixuku esikhulu se-incandescent esenza ukushisa okufika ebusweni bomhlaba. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi iplanethi yethu itholakala endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi "indawo yokuhlala". Lokho kusho ukuthi, laliseduze ngokwanele ukuthi ilanga lisifudumale, kodwa lanele ngokwanele ukuthi lingasishisi.
Ingaphandle lelanga cishe ngama-5500 degrees Celsius. Le nkanyezi ikhipha inani elikhulu lemisebe ye-electromagnetic kububanzi obude nobubanzi bemvamisa. Le misebe kagesi isukela ku-ultraviolet iye kwi-infrared, indawo ebonakalayo kubantu ebizwa ngokuthi uthingo. Ububanzi bemisebe yelanga yibo obufinyelela kuwo wonke amaza elanga anikezwa yilanga, noma ngabe liyabonakala yini kubantu.
Izinhlobo ze-irradiance
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-irradiance ngokuya ngezici zazo kanye nemvelaphi yazo. Sizohlaziya ngasinye sazo ngesinyathelo:
- Ingqikithi yemisebe yelanga: yisilinganiso leso esihlanganisa wonke amabanga amade ngeyunithi ngayinye engathinta umoya ophezulu weplanethi yethu. Imvamisa kukalwa ngokuya ngokukhanya kwelanga okungena emkhathini.
- I-irradiance ejwayelekile eqondile: ilinganisa indawo yomhlaba endaweni ethile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswa into ebusweni ebekwe ngokungafani nelanga. Imisebe eqondile ngokuphelele izolingana nemisebe engaphezulu komhlaba, isuse ukulahleka komkhathi ngenxa yokumuncwa nokusabalala kokukhanya ngumoya namafu. Lokhu kulahleka kungakhushulwa noma kuncishiswe ngokuya ngesikhathi sosuku, i-latitude, ifu, nokuqukethwe umswakama, phakathi kwabanye.
- Ukusabalalisa ukukhanya okuvundlile: yaziwa nangegama lemisebe esakazeka esibhakabhakeni. Imisebe lapho imisebe evela ekukhanyeni esakazeke emkhathini ifinyelela khona emhlabeni. Leli nani lingalinganiswa endaweni evundlile ngemisebe evela kuzo zonke izindawo esibhakabhakeni. Ukube umkhathi wawungekho, ngabe ayikho imisebe evundlile evundlile.
- I-irradiance yomhlaba evundlile: Ekugcineni, lolu hlobo lwe-irradiance yilona olukala imisebe yelanga isiyonke endaweni evundlile emhlabeni. Kubalwa njengesamba semisebe eqondile kanye nokusabalalisa okuvundlile okuvundlile.
Onke lawa mavelu asungulelwa ukwazi isimo sezulu sendawo ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa ezifundweni eziningi zokuthuthukisa nokwakha amandla avuselelekayo asebenza nelanga. Isibonelo salokhu amandla elanga we-photovoltaic. Ukwenza ucwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka yini amandla we-photovoltaic solar, kuyadingeka ukwazi inani lemisebe yelanga ezothinta ubuso bophahla lwendlu unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nesembozo sefu, umswakama nombuso womoya, phakathi kokunye, azodingeka.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-irradiance.