Imisebe yelanga iyisimo sezulu esibalulekile esisebenza ukunquma inani "lokushisa" esizolithola elangeni ebusweni bomhlaba. Leli nani lemisebe yelanga lishintshwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokugcinwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Imisebe yelanga iyakwazi ukufudumeza ingaphezulu lomhlabathi nezinto (ngisho neyethu) ngokungafudumezi umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuguquguquka kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuhlolwe umsebenzi esiwenzayo ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke ngemisebe yelanga?
Imisebe yelanga idlula emkhathini
Lapho sisogwini ngolunye lwalezi zinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, silala phansi "elangeni." Njengoba sihlala kuthawula isikhathi eside, siyaqaphela ukuthi umzimba wethu ufudumala kanjani futhi wenyuse izinga lokushisa kwawo, size sidinge ukugeza noma singene emthunzini ngoba siyasha. Kwenzekeni lapha, uma umoya ungashisi kangako? Okwenzekile yilokho imisebe yelanga idlule emkhathini wethu futhi ifudumeze imizimba yethu ngokungafudunyezwa umoya.
Okufana nalokhu okwenzeka kithi kulesi simo yilokho okwenzeka eMhlabeni: Umkhathi ucishe 'ubonakale' emisebeni yelanga, kepha ubuso bomhlaba nezinye izidumbu ezikuwo ziyamunca. Amandla adluliswe yiLanga eMhlabeni yilokho okwaziwa njengamandla akhazimulayo noma imisebe. Imisebe ihamba ngesikhala ngamagagasi athwala amandla. Ngokuya ngenani lamandla abawaphathayo, bahlukaniswa ngasesiboneni sikagesi. Sinamagagasi anamandla kakhulu njengemisebe ye-gamma, imisebe ye-X ne-ultraviolet, kanye nalawo anamandla amancane njengama-infrared, ama-microwave namagagasi omsakazo.
Yonke imizimba ikhipha imisebe
Yonke imizimba ikhipha imisebe ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kunikezwa ngu Umthetho kaStefan-Boltzmann othi amandla akhishwa ngumzimba alingana ngqo namandla esine okushisa kwawo. Kungakho bobabili iLanga, ucezu oluvuthayo lwenkuni, umzimba wethu uqobo kanye nocezu lweqhwa kuqhubeka ngamandla.
Lokhu kusiholela ekubeni sizibuze umbuzo: kungani sikwazi "ukubona" imisebe ekhishwa yilanga noma ucezu oluvuthayo lwenkuni futhi asikwazi ukubona imisebe esiyikhiphayo, ubuso bomhlaba noma ucezu kweqhwa? Kanjalo, lokhu kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni okufinyelelwe yilowo nalowo kubo, ngakho-ke, inani lamandla elikhipha kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kwemizimba, kukhuphuka inani lamandla elikhipha kumagagasi awo, futhi yingakho izobonakala ngokwengeziwe.
ILanga lisezingeni lokushisa elingu-6.000 K futhi likhipha imisebe ikakhulu kumagagasi ebanga elibonakalayo (ngokuvamile elaziwa njengamagagasi okukhanya), futhi likhipha imisebe ye-ultraviolet (enamandla amakhulu futhi yingakho ishisa isikhumba sethu ekuchachazweni okude) Okunye okukhiphayo yimisebe ye-infrared engabonakali ngeso lomuntu. Kungakho singeke siyibone imisebe ephuma emzimbeni wethu. Umzimba womuntu cishe u-37 degrees Celsius kanti imisebe eyikhiphayo iku-infrared.
Imisebe yelanga isebenza kanjani
Impela ukwazi ukuthi imizimba iqhubeka ikhipha imisebe namandla kuzoletha omunye umbuzo ekhanda lakho. Kungani, uma imizimba ikhipha amandla nemisebe, ingabe ayipholi kancane? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ilula: ngenkathi zikhipha amandla, ziyayimunca. Kunomunye umthetho, okungukuthi we-radiative balance, othi into ikhipha amandla alinganayo njengoba imunca, yingakho ikwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa njalo.
Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lwethu lomkhathi womhlaba uchungechunge lwezinqubo lwenzeka lapho amandla amunca, akhishwe futhi akhonjiswe, ukuze ibhalansi yokugcina phakathi kwemisebe efinyelela phezulu emkhathini evela eLangeni nalokho okuphumela emkhathini kungu-zero. Ngamanye amagama, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka lihlala lingaguquki. Lapho imisebe yelanga ingena eMhlabeni, iningi layo limuncwa umhlaba. Incane kakhulu imisebe yesigameko emuncwa amafu nomoya. Eminye imisebe ibonakala ngaphezulu, amagesi, amafu futhi ibuyiselwa esikhaleni esingaphandle.
Inani lemisebe eboniswa ngumzimba maqondana nemisebe yezehlakalo yaziwa njenge-'albedo '. Ngakho-ke, singakusho lokho uhlelo lomkhathi womhlaba lune-albedo emaphakathi engama-30%. Iqhwa elisanda kuwa noma amanye ama-cumulonimbus athuthuke kakhulu ane-albedo esondele ku-90%, kuyilapho izingwadule zinezingu-25% nezilwandle zizungeze u-10% (zimunca cishe yonke imisebe efinyelela kuzo).
Sikala kanjani imisebe?
Ukukala imisebe yelanga esiyithola endaweni ethile, sisebenzisa umshini obizwa ngokuthi i-pyranometer. Lesi sigaba siqukethe inzwa evalelwe eningizimu ye-hemisphere edlulisa yonke imisebe yebanga elincane kakhulu. Le nzwa inezingxenye eziguqukayo ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezimunca inani lemisebe yelanga ngenye indlela. Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ulinganiswe ngokusho kokuhamba kwemisebe (kulinganiswa ngama-watts ngemitha eyisikwele).
Ukulinganiselwa kwenani lemisebe yelanga esiyitholayo kungatholakala ngokulinganisa inani lamahora okukhanya kwelanga esinakho. Ukwenza lokhu, sisebenzisa insimbi ebizwa nge-heliograph. Lokhu kwakheka ngendawo yengilazi ebheke eningizimu yezwe, esebenza njengengilazi enkulu yokukhulisa, igxila kuyo yonke imisebe etholwe endaweni ye-incandescent eshisa itape tape ekhethekile ethweswe iziqu ngamahora osuku.
Imisebe yelanga kanye nomphumela wokushisa okhulayo
Phambilini sike sathi inani lemisebe yelanga engena eMhlabeni nalokho okushiwoyo kuyefana. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba uma kunjalo, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lomhlaba wethu lingaba ngu -88 degrees. Sidinga okuthile okusisiza ukuba sigcine ukushisa ukuze sikwazi ukuba nokushisa okumnandi nokuhlala okunjalo okwenza impilo iphumelele emhlabeni. Yilapho sethula khona umthelela wokushisa kwendlu. Lapho imisebe yelanga ihlasela ubuso bomhlaba, ibuyela emuva cishe isigamu esibhakabhakeni ukuze iyikhiphele ngaphandle. Yebo, siphawulile ukuthi amafu, umoya nezinye izinto ezisemkhathini zithatha ingxenye encane yemisebe yelanga. Kodwa-ke, le mali eminyene ayenele ukukwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile futhi yenze umhlaba wethu uhlale. Singahlala kanjani nala mazinga okushisa?
Amagesi abizwa ngokuthi yi-greenhouse gases yiwo amagesi agcina ingxenye yezinga lokushisa elikhishwa ebusweni bomhlaba elibuyela emuva emoyeni. Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa yilawa: umusi wamanzi, i-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-nitrogen oxides, i-sulfur oxides, i-methane, njll. Igesi ngalinye elibamba ukushisa linamandla ahlukile okuthola imisebe yelanga. Umthamo owengeziwe onawo wokumunca imisebe, kulapho izogcina ukushisa okwengeziwe futhi ngeke ukuvumele kubuyele emkhathini.
Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, ukuminyana kwamagesi abamba ukushisa (kufaka phakathi i-CO2 kakhulu) bekukhula ngokwanda. Ukunyuka kwalokhu kwenyuka kufanele inguquko yezimboni kanye nokushiswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa ezimbonini, emandleni nasezokuthutha. Ukushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezinjengooyela namalahle, kubangela ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 nemethane. Lawa magesi ekukhishweni okwandayo abangela ukuthi agcine inani elikhulu lemisebe yelanga futhi angavumeli ukuthi abuyiselwe endaweni engaphandle.
Lokhu kwaziwa njengomphumela wokushisa kwendlu. Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa lo mphumela sikubiza ngokuthi yi-greenhouse kuyaphikisana, ngoba lokhu esikwenzayo kwandisa amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba ngokuya ngokwanda. Lapho ukugxila kwala magesi amunca imisebe esemkhathini, kulapho kugcina khona ukushisa okukhulu, ngakho-ke, amazinga okushisa azophakama.
Imisebe yelanga kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kwaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa ngenxa yokugcina okukhulu imisebe yelanga kubangela ushintsho esimweni sezulu somhlaba jikelele. Akusho nje kuphela ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba azokwanda, kodwa nokuthi isimo sezulu nakho konke okubandakanya kuzoshintsha.
Ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa kubangela ukungazinzi kwemisinga yomoya, uquqaba lwasolwandle, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo, ukulandelana kwezinkathi, ukwanda kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu (njengesomiso, izikhukhula, iziphepho ...), njll.. Kungakho-ke ukuze sibuyise ibhalansi yethu ekhanyayo ngendlela ezinzile, kufanele sinciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa futhi sibuyise nesimo sezulu.