Abantu bebelokhu behehwa umbani. Ukukhishwa okunamandla kwemvelo kwe-electrostatic. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngesikhathi seziphepho zikagesi ezikhiqiza ukushaywa kwamandla kagesi. Lokhu kukhishwa kombani kuhambisana nokuphuma kombani obizwa ngombani nomsindo obizwa ngokuthi ukuduma kwezulu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abazi imisebe yakhiwa kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ukuthi imisebe yakhiwa kanjani futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zonyaka.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukukhishwa kombani kuhambisana nokuphuma kokukhanya. Lokhu kuphuma kokukhanya kubizwa ngombani futhi kudalwa wukuhamba kwamandla kagesi ahlukanisa ama-molecule emoyeni. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, kuzwakala umsindo obizwa ngokuthi yiThunder, othuthukiswe ngamagagasi ashaqisayo. Ugesi owenziwe udlula emkhathini, kushisa umkhathi, kubangele ukuba umoya ukhule ngokushesha, futhi kuveze umsindo oyingqayizivele ovela phansi. Imisebe isesimweni se-plasma.
Ubude besilinganiso se-ray cishe ngamamitha ayi-1.500-500. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-2007, isiteleka sombani omude kunawo wonke emlandweni senzeke e-Oklahoma, safinyelela ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-321. Umbani ujwayele ukuhamba ngejubane elijwayelekile elingamakhilomitha angama-440 ngomzuzwana, ufike kumakhilomitha ayi-1.400 ngomzuzwana. Umehluko ongaba khona ama-volts wami ayisigidi maqondana nomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, le misebe inengozi enkulu. Zibalelwa ku-16 million iziphepho zombani ezirekhodwa emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka.
Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemisebe, lezi zikhiqizwa yizinhlayiya ezinhle emhlabathini nezinhlayiya ezingezinhle emafwini. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhula mpo kwamafu abizwa nge-cumulonimbus. Lapho ifu le-cumulonimbus lifinyelela endaweni tropopause (indawo yokugcina ye-troposphere), amacala amahle efwini abhekene nokuheha amacala amabi. Lokhu kuhamba kwamashaji kagesi emkhathini kwakha imisebe. Imvamisa yakha umthelela emuva naphambili. Kubhekisa embonweni wokuthi izinhlayiya zivuka khona manjalo zibuyele emuva zenze ukukhanya kuwele.
Umbani ungakhiqiza ama-watts ayisigidi wamandla ngokushesha, okufana nokuqhuma kwenuzi. Isiyalo esiphethe ukutadisha umbani nakho konke okuphathelene nemeteorology kubizwa ngomhlaba isayensi.
Yakhiwa kanjani imisebe
Ukuqala kokushaqeka kukagesi kuhlala kuyimpikiswano. Ososayensi abakaze bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi iyini imbangela. Abadume kakhulu yilabo abathi ukuphazamiseka emkhathini kuyisizathu semvelaphi yezinhlobo zombani. Lokhu kuphazamiseka emkhathini kungenxa yokushintsha komoya, umswakama nengcindezi yasemkhathini. Futhi kuxoxwa ngomthelela womoya welanga nokuqongelelwa kwezinhlayiya zelanga ezishajiwe.
I-Ice ibhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yentuthuko. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inesibopho sokukhuthaza ukwehlukaniswa kwamacala avumayo nalawo amabi efwini le-cumulonimbus. Umbani ungakhiqizwa futhi emafwini omlotha aqhuma ezintabamlilo, noma kungaba ngumphumela wothuli oluvela emlilweni onamandla wehlathi ongadala amacala amile.
Ekucabangeni kokungeniswa kwe-electrostatic, inkokhelo kagesi kucatshangwa ukuthi iqhutshwa inqubo abantu abangakaqiniseki ngayo. Ukwehlukaniswa kwamashaji kudinga ukugeleza komoya okuqinile okuya phezulu, okunesibopho sokuthwala amaconsi amanzi aye phezulu. Ngale ndlela, lapho amaconsi amanzi efinyelela endaweni ephakeme lapho umoya ozungezile ubanda khona, ukupholisa okusheshayo kuzokwenzeka. Imvamisa lawa mazinga afakwa ama-supercooled emazingeni okushisa angama -10 no -20 degrees. Ukushayisana kwamakristalu eqhwa kwakha inhlanganisela yamanzi neqhwa, okuthiwa isichotho. Lokhu kushayisana kudale ukuthi ukukhokhiswa okuthe xaxa okuhle kudluliselwe kumakristalu e-ice nokukhokhiswa okuncane okungekuhle esichothweni.
Okwamanje kuphusha amakristalu eqhwa alula kuya phezulu futhi kubangele izindleko ezinhle zokwakha ngemuva kwefu. Ekugcineni, umphumela wamandla adonsela phansi woMhlaba ubangela ukuthi isichotho siwele ngecala elibi, ngoba isichotho iba nzima njengoba isondela enkabeni nangaphansi kwefu. Ukwehlukaniswa nokuqongelelwa kwemali kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho amandla enele ukuqala ukukhishwa.
Enye inkolelo mayelana nenqubo yokuhlukaniswa inezinto ezimbili. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Ukuwa kweqhwa namaconsi amanzi ayahlukaniswa lapho ewela emkhakheni kagesi wemvelo womhlaba.
- Izinhlayiya zeqhwa eziwayo ziyashayisana futhi zikhokhiswa ngokungeniswa kwe-electrostatic.
Yakhiwa kanjani imisebe nezinhlobo zayo ezihlukene
- Umbani ovame kakhulu. iyona ebonwa kaningi, eyaziwa ngokuthi umbani we-streak. Le yingxenye ebonakalayo yokulandelwa kwemisebe. Eziningi zazo zenzeka efwini ngakho-ke azikwazi ukubonwa. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemisebe:
- Umbani we-Cloud-to-ground: yiyona edume kakhulu futhi eyesibili evame kakhulu. Kuyisongo esikhulu empilweni nasempahla. Ingashaya phansi ikhiphe phakathi kwefu le-cumulonimbus nomhlabathi.
- Pearl Ray: lo ngumbani osukela phansi obonakala uhlukaniswe uchungechunge lwezingxenye ezimfushane, ezikhanyayo.
- Umbani wesiteki: Lokhu kungenye yombani wesikhathi esifushane wefu-to-ground futhi kubonakala kungukuphela kombani. Imvamisa ikhanya kakhulu futhi inomthelela omkhulu.
- Ugongolo okwenziwe: yileyomisebe esuka efwini kuya emhlabathini ekhombisa ukuhlanganiswa kwendlela yabo.
- Umbani womhlabathi wefu: kungukucucuza phakathi komhlaba nefu okuqala ngokushaywa okuphezulu okuya phezulu. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.
- Ifu ukusibekela umbani: kwenzeka phakathi kwezindawo ezingaxhumani nomhlabathi. Imvamisa kwenzeka lapho amafu amabili ahlukene enza umehluko kumandla kagesi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi imisebe yakhiwa kanjani, izici zayo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezikhona.