Isomiso yinto engokwemvelo equkethe ukwehla kwemvula engaphansi kwesilinganiso (obekungaba yinto evamile endaweni) futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwemithombo yamanzi ekhona, emadamini nasemanzini. ISpain ibhekene, iphela ngo-2017, ngesomiso esikhulu kunazo zonke eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.
Yini iSpain engayenza ukunqanda lesi simo?
Isomiso esibi kunazo zonke
Ukuntuleka kwemvula kunciphisa amazinga amadamu emachibi aseningizimu-mpumalanga futhi, futhi ngokwesabekayo, lawo asenyakatho ntshonalanga. Amaleveli azungeze i-30%, amanani angakaze abonwe kusukela ngo-1990.
Amanzi abanjiwe, kungabalwa lawo emvula yokugcina, kungamaphuzu angama-20 ngaphansi kwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-10 edlule. Isimo sezulu saseSpain besilokhu futhi sizohlala somile, ngemijikelezo yesomiso yeminyaka engaphansi kwengu-3-4. Kodwa-ke, lesi somiso sinamandla kakhulu eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20.
Lesi simo sokushoda kwamanzi siba buthakathaka emigodini efana ne- IMiño-Sil, iSegura, iJúcar, iGuadalquivir futhi ikakhulukazi eDuero, cishe cishe ngama-30% ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 edlule.
Njengoba kunikezwe isimo sezwe laseSpain nendawo, isomiso sivame kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-75% yensimu yaseSpain isengozini yokugwaduleka. Esikhathini sika-1991-1995 kwakukhona isiqephu sesomiso esifana nalesi ngamanani aphansi kangako.
Lesi somiso sibangelwe yimvula encane ngo-2014 nango-2016, lapho kuna khona u-6% ngaphansi kwesilinganiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo inezimvula ezincane futhi amanethiwekhi okuphakela abantu alahlekelwa ngamanzi acishe abe ngama-25%.
Kuzo zonke lezi zinto kumele sengeze ukwanda kwezokuvakasha cishe kuyo yonke insimu yaseSpain, zikhuphukile izindawo zezolimo zokunisela futhi, ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo, kanjalo nezinga lokuhwamuka kwamanzi kanjalo.
Unyaka owomile kakhulu
Lo nyaka we-hydrological ophele ngo-Okthoba walonyaka ubomile kakhulu jikelele. Izindawo eziluhlaza kakhulu eSpain ezifana neGalicia, enyakatho yeCastilla y León, ingxenye enkulu ye-Asturias neCantabria nazo ziye zancipha kakhulu imvula.
Izindawo ezomile kakhulu zonyaka ngokungangabazeki kube yi-Extremadura, i-Andalusia kanye neCanaries. Kule miphakathi imvula ayizange yeqe ama-75% wenani elijwayelekile, okwenza kube unyaka wesishiyagalombili onemvula encane kusukela ngo-1981.
Selokhu kwaqala lo nyaka omusha we-hydrological (2017-2018), isimo siye saba sibi kakhulu. Kumininingwane emaphakathi yamalitha ayi-150 ngemitha eyisikwele evame ukuqoqwa kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba, kuqoqwe kuphela ama-63. Okungukuthi, ama-58% angaphansi kokujwayelekile.
Ngemuva kwesomiso
Ezinqolobaneni eziningi eSpain, kuvele amadolobhana abengaphansi kwamanzi ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lamanzi. Lawa madolobha bacwiliswa kusukela ngawo-60, ngenkathi kwenziwa amadamu amaningi aseSpain. Amanye ala madolobha nezikhumbuzo yisonto elidala laseSanta Eugenia de Cenera de Zalima echibini lase-Aguilar de Campoo (ePalencia) nedolobha elidala laseMansilla eLa Rioja.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibangelwa isomiso kubantu inkinga yokuphakelwa. Ukusikwa kwamanzi kuyadingeka ukuze sikwazi ukuvikela imithombo yamanzi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Uhulumeni uqinisekisa ukuthi kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu ukugwema imikhawulo yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo siqhubeka, abanye abantu bazoba nezinkinga ngokutholakala kwamanzi.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukusebenzisa amanzi ngendlela esimeme kungenye yezinsika eziyisisekelo zezwe elihlala lihlushwa isomiso. Kulahlekelwa ama-25% kunethiwekhi yokunikezela konke kudoti esingeke sikwazi ukukuvumela. Ukugwema lesi simo, umphakathi kufanele ufundiswe ukuze usebenzise kahle le mpahla eyigugu futhi eyindlala.