Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunemiphumela enamandla nembi ebekelwe izizukulwane zethu ezizayo. Eqinisweni, imiphumela yayo eminingi isivele ibonakala namuhla. Kodwa-ke, imizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ayikwanele futhi ukuncibilika kwezindawo ezinkulu ezibandayo njengoba i-Arctic iseduze.
Iyini imiphumela emhlabeni yokuncibilika ngokuphelele kwe-Arctic?
Amarekhodi okushisa wakamuva
Kusukela ngo-2014, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele lirekhodwa kusukela lalinganiswa, kube khona i- cishe izifo eziyikhulu ngamagciwane ohlobo vibhio. Lo nyaka u-2014 ubhekwe njengonyaka ofudumele kakhulu selokhu amazinga okushisa aqoshwa. Phakathi kwamagciwane abizwa ngamagama, sithola lawo abangela ikholera ezingwini zaseSweden naseFinland. Amanye ala macala enzekile cishe ngamamayela ayi-160 ukusuka e-Arctic Circle. Kungani la mabhaktheriya ethinta ama-latitude aseduze ne-Arctic?
Amagciwane ohlobo vibhio
Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ephazamisa imvelo
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu nemiphumela yako emibi ziphazamisa ukusebenza nobubanzi bezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Izinhlobo ezisengozini enkulu kulezi zinguquko zihlotshaniswa nezindawo ezishisayo futhi zifudukela enyakatho ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa. Lawa magciwane ohlobo lohlobo vibhio Badinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuze baphile kahle futhi ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa emhlabeni jikelele, bangakwazi wandise indawo yayo yokusatshalaliswa futhi asinde ezindaweni ezinesilinganiso esikhulu esisenyakatho. Ukuvela kwezifo kanye nama-pathogen kungeminye nje yemiphumela ukuthi ukuncibilika okukhiqizwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzoba nakho.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke akufani kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Kunezindawo zeplanethi okuthi, ngenxa yendawo yazo, zishise kakhulu kunezinye. Isibonelo, e-Arctic umphumela obizwa ngokuthi ukukhulisa i-arctic okuncibilikiswa lapho kuncibilika khona kakhulu kunezinye izindawo ezibandayo. Lokhu kungachazwa ngendlela elula noma elula: Ukutshuza ngokuthanda amanzi kunciphisa ikhono lesifunda lokukhombisa imisebe yelanga eyenzekayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, i-albedo yasemhlabeni kuyehla njengoba kuneqhwa elincane lokukhombisa imisebe futhi, ngakho-ke, inani lokushisa elimunce umhlaba likhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi indawo ishise ngokwengeziwe futhi ibuyisele emuva ukuncibilikisa, okwenza amagciwane afinyelele kulezi zindawo zokuhlala futhi asakaze.
Amagciwane asakazeka
Yize la magciwane engabonakali, amabhaktheriya asolwandle ayingxenye eyinhloko ye-biomass olwandle. Lezi zinhlobo zamagciwane ezaziwa ngaphambili vibhio ziyi-pathogenic. Enye ingozi ebangelwa ukuncibilika ukuncibilika kwe- permafrost kusuka emaphethelweni asenyakatho we ISiberia, iCanada neGreenland. Ngendlela efanayo njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, njengoba lonke ungqimba lweqhwa olusemhlabathini luyancibilika, ivumela lolu hlobo lwama-bacterium e-pathogenic ukuthi lusabalale futhi lubangele izifo ezinkulu.
Iqhwa (umhlabathi ofriziwe)
Abaphenyi be-CSIC bathola i-DNA evela kumagciwane angaziwa kuze kube manje emachibini aseSvalbard ngoJuni 2015. Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva ukutholwa kwe- igciwane elineminyaka engama-30.000 XNUMX libhajwe eqhweni laseSiberia. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga enkulu yezempilo emhlabeni jikelele ngoba ukusebenza kwalolu hlobo lwama-bacterium nokuthi angadala izifo ezintsha kubantu akuqondakali kahle.
Indida encibilikayo nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuncibilikisa iqhwa lase-Arctic futhi lokhu kubuyisela emuva ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Umbiko ophelele ovela e-US Academies of Sciences ngemithelela yomhlaba ye-Arctic thaw ka-2015 ugcizelele ukuthi ukunciphisa kanjani umphumela we-albedo, ukukhipha i-methane nekhabhoni ebhajwe ku-permafrost, noma ukuguqula ukusakazwa kolwandle kuzokuqinisa ukufudumala global. Futhi mhlawumbe ubhubhise noma yiliphi iqhwa elisele e-Arctic.