Bekulokhu kunelukuluku elikhulu lokwazi ukuphela kwesathelayithi umhlaba wethu onayo njengeNyanga. Isathelayithi yethu yemvelo inebanga elijwayelekile ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu engama-384,403 km. Futhi ngukuthi olunye uhlangothi lweNyanga alubonakali eMhlabeni ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthatha izithombe zobuso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-space probe. Esinye sezifiso eziheha ukunakwa kakhulu yi imingcele enyangeni.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukwakheka kanye nokufuna ukwazi kwemingcele esenyangeni.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ake siqale sihlaziye ezinye izici futhi sibe nesathelayithi yethu yemvelo ukuze sikwazi ukuqonda konke okuphathelene nemigodi esenyangeni. Ububanzi balesi satellite bungamakhilomitha angama-3474. Uhlangothi olumnyama lwenyanga lwehlukile ebusweni, kokubili ngokwesilinganiso esiphakeme nangezinga lokwakheka kwalokho okubalulekile. Iningi lezithombe ezithinta kakhulu izibukeli ebusweni benyanga ezithunyelwa ukubonga kuma-space probe zisuka ohlangothini olungabonakali kwiplanethi yethu.
Imvelaphi yenyanga bekulokhu kuyindaba yokuphikisana kwesayensi. Kunemibono ehlukahlukene mayelana nokwakheka kwayo futhi konke kuphendukela ekuhlaziyweni kwamatshe wenyanga ukubona ukuthi imibono engathandekayo inganikezwa. Izinto zokwakha amatshe zivela ezingubeni zezinto ezinkulu zeplanethi. Isibonelo, kusukela ekushayaneni kwalezi zinto ngokuhamba okukhulu komhlaba omncane kakhulu nolwazi.
Futhi ukuthi inyanga ingaba nemvelaphi yayo ngenxa yokwanda kwento exoshwe ngesikhathi senhlekelele enkulu. Ekuqaleni kokudalwa kweplanethi yethu ithole ukushayisana okukhulu neplanethi elingana ne- Mars, nayo eyayinomehluko wayo phakathi komgogodla, ukuthanda uqweqwe lomhlaba. Ukushayisana kwenzeke nge-engela ethile yomthelela nangesivinini esiphakeme kakhulu esidale ukuthi izinhlamvu zombili zensimbi zihlangana. Yize i-nuclei yahlangana, izinto zokugqoka zezinto ezimbili zaxoshwa, yize iboshwe emhlabeni ngamandla adonsela phansi. Iningi lezinto ezisenyangeni ziyizinto ezihlanganiswe kancane kancane lapho kuzoba yisathelayithi namuhla.
Amakhreyidi enyangeni
Ososayensi bebelokhu befunda iminyaka yobudala bamadwala kwiplanethi yethu nasenyangeni. Lawa matshe aqhamuka ezifundeni ezibhalwe uphawu ezikwazile ukuthola ukuthi amakhathuni akhe nini. Ngokucwaninga zonke izindawo ezinombala okhanyayo enyangeni futhi ezaziwa ngokuthi amathafa, ososayensi bathole imininingwane yokwakheka kwenyanga. Futhi ukuthi yakhiwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-4.600 kuya kweziyi-3.800 eyedlule, kanti amanye amadwala awela ebusweni benyanga abika ukuthi ukwenza kushesha impela. Imvula yamadwala ibimisa futhi kusukela lapho sebenze imingxuma embalwa.
Amanye amasampula edwala akhishwe kulawa mingcele abizwa ngamabhasi futhi akha iminyaka ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-3.800 kuya kweziyi-3.100. Kubuye kwaba namasampula ezinye zezinto ezinkulu ezinokufana nama-asteroid, ashaya inyanga njengoba imvula enamadwala yama.
Ngokushesha nje emva kwale micimbi, udaka oluningi lwakwazi ukugcwalisa wonke amabheshi futhi lwadala ulwandle olumnyama. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani kunamakhorasi ambalwa ezilwandle futhi, kunalokho, maningi impela emathafeni. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi emathafeni kwakungekho ukugeleza okuningi kodaka olwalubangela ukusulwa kwezimbobo zokuqala lapho ubuso benyanga babuhlaselwa yilezi zindawo zomkhathi ngenkathi kwakhiwa uhlelo lwelanga.
Ingxenye ekude kakhulu yenyanga ine "mare" eyodwa kuphela, ngakho ososayensi Bacabanga ukuthi le ndawo imelwe yisinyathelo senyanga eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine eyedlule.
Ijografi yenyanga
Ukuze sifunde ama-craters asenyangeni, kufanele sazi i-lunar geography. Namathafa ahlukahlukene alinganiselwe noma abe yingxenye yolwandle. Njengoba kulindelekile, nolwandle lukhona nasethelevishini lenyanga. Enkulu kunazo zonke iMare Imbrium, laziwa ngeSpanishi ngegama lolwandle lwemvula, enobubanzi obucishe bube amakhilomitha ayi-1120.
Kunobubi obucishe bube ngama-20 obubaluleke kakhulu ohlangothini lwenyanga olubheke umhlaba. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kufanele sihlukanise phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili zenyanga: ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlangothi olungabonakala kwiplanethi yethu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlangothi olungabonakali emhlabeni. Ezilwandle ezibaluleke kakhulu zenyanga kukhona iMare Serenitatis (Sea of Serenity), Mare Crisium (Sea of Crisis) neMare Nubium (Sea of Clouds). Bonke lobu bubi buthathwa njengamathafa futhi abucaci ngokuphelele. Inejografi enqamulelwa amawa futhi igcwele imigodi enyangeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuso balezi zilwandle buvame ukuphazanyiswa isenzo samawa ahlukahlukene nezinye izindonga ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
Singathola izilwandle ezahlukahlukene zenyanga ezizungezwe izintaba ezinkulu nezintaba ezinikezwe amagama alingana nalezo zezintaba zomhlaba: i-Alps, iPyrenees kanye neCarpathians. Ububanzi bezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu benyanga yiLeibniz, iziqongo zayo eziphakeme kakhulu ezingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-9.140, okungukuthi, iphakeme kuneNtaba i-Everest, lokhu kuphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni wethu.
Kunezinkulungwane zemigodi enyangeni futhi imvamisa iyakwazi ukugqagqana. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi kube nezigodi ezijule ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezaziwa ngokuthi yimifantu yenyanga. Lokhu kuqhekeka kuvame ukuba nokujula nobubanzi be- phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-16 kanye nama-482 ubude namakhilomitha angaba ngu-3 noma ngaphansi ububanzi. Imvelaphi yalezi zingcezu yanikezwa yimifantu ebusweni eyakha okujwayelekile kwezindawo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ezibangelwa uhlobo oluthile lokushisa nokwanda kwangaphakathi.
Ngalolu lwazi ngiyethemba ungafunda kabanzi ngemigodi esenyangeni kanye nangaphezulu kwesathelayithi yethu.