Isendlalelo se-ozone yindawo lapho ukwelashwa kuzoba khona lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-ozone kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile. Lolu ungqimba lusivikela emisebeni eyingozi ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezithile zamakhemikhali ezaziwa ngegama le- chlorofluorocarbons a kubangele a imbobo kusendlalelo se-ozone. Lo mgodi ubusaziwa amashumi eminyaka futhi uyancipha ngenxa yesivumelwano seMontreal.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngomgodi osendleleni ye-ozone.
Incazelo yesendlalelo se-ozone
Ake siqale sazi ukuthi uyini ungqimba lwe-ozone. Luhlobo lwesendlalelo esivikelayo esise-stratosphere. Lolu ungqimba lwalusebenza njengesihlungi semisebe yelanga eyi-ultraviolet eyingozi ezintweni eziphilayo. Akusebenzi njengesihlangu emalenzeni e-ultraviolet ngendlela eqinisekisa impilo emhlabeni njengoba sazi namuhla.
Ngaphandle kokuthi lolu ungqimba lubaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni, kubonakala sengathi abantu basazimisele ngokuluchitha. Ama-chlorofluorocarbon Ziyizinto zamakhemikhali ezithi ngokusebenzisa ukusabela okuhlukahlukene zonakalise i-ozone ekhona ku-stratosphere. Kuyinto amagesi akhiwa i-fluorine, i-chlorine ne-carbon. Lapho leli khemikhali lifinyelela ku-stratosphere, liphendula ngokuthwebula ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-molecule idilike futhi bafuna ama-athomu e-chlorine. I-klorine iphendula nge-ozone ku-stratosphere, ibangele ukuthi ama-athomu e-oxygen akhe futhi adilize i-ozone. Ngale ndlela, ukuphuma kwala makhemikhali kuqhubeka ngokudala ukonakala kongqimba lwe-ozone.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi la makhemikhali anokuphila okude okude emkhathini. Ngenxa yenqubo-mgomo yaseMontreal, ukukhishwa kwala makhemikhali kwavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Nokho, kuze kube namuhla, ungqimba lwe-ozone lusalimele. Imbobo kusendlalelo lwe-ozone ithuthuka ngokuphawulekayo emashumini eminyaka edlule. Ake sikubhekisise lokhu.
Imbobo kusendlalelo se-ozone
I-ozone itholakala ku-stratosphere ebangeni eliphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 nengama-30. Lolu ungqimba lwenziwa ngama-molecule e-ozone, nawo, anama-athomu ama-3 e-athomu oksijini. Umsebenzi walolu ungqimba ukumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet B, esebenza njengesihlungi ukunciphisa ukulimala.
Ukucekelwa phansi koqweqwe lwe-ozone kwenzeka lapho kukhona ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubangela ukubhujiswa kwale ozone ebanzi. Imisebe yelanga yesigameko ihlungwa ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi kulapho ama-molecule e-ozone ehla ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet B. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ama-molecule e-ozone ahlukana abe yi-oxygen ne-dioxide. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-photolysis. Kusho ukuwohloka kwemolekyuli ngokusebenza kokukhanya.
Izinhlobo ze-dioxide ne-oxygen azihlukanisiwe ngokuphelele, kepha ziphinde zihlangane, zenze i-ozone futhi. Lesi sinyathelo asenzeki njalo futhi yiso esidala izimbobo kusendlalelo lwe-ozone. Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze- lezo ezibhubhisa ungqimba lwe-ozone ngesilinganiso esisheshayo kungenxa yokukhishwa kwama-chlorofluorocarbon. Yize sishilo ukuthi ukukhanya kwesigameko okuvela elangeni kuqothula i-ozone, kukwenza ngendlela yokuthi ibhalansi ingathathi hlangothi. Lokho wukuthi, inani le-ozone elephulwe yi-photolysis lilingana noma lingaphansi kwenani le-ozone elikwazi ukwakhiwa ngokuhlangana phakathi kwama-molecule.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi imbangela enkulu yokonakala kongqimba lwe-ozone kungenxa yokukhishwa kwama-chlorofluorocarbon. I-World Meteorological Organisation iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kongqimba lwe-ozone kuzokwenzeka cishe ngonyaka ka-2050 ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwale mikhiqizo. Khumbula ukuthi konke lokhu kuyizilinganiso ngoba, noma ngabe amakhemikhali anqanyuliwe, ahlala emkhathini amashumi eminyaka.
Imiphumela yomgodi kusendlalelo lwe-ozone
Ngokuphawulekile, umgodi we-ozone ikakhulu ungaphezu kwe-Antarctica. Yize iqiniso lokuthi iningi lamagesi ayingozi ku-ozone layer akhishiwe emazweni athuthukile, kunomsinga womkhathi ohambisa la magesi ubheke e-Antarctica. Futhi, kulokhu kufanele sengeze isikhathi lawa magesi ahlala emkhathini nokuthi ayakwazi ukulimaza i-ozone.
Ngenxa yokusakazeka okujwayelekile kweplanethi, la magesi asizakele emazingeni okushisa aphansi eningizimu yezwe futhi ikakhulukazi ephule lokhu kuhlangana kwe-ozone. Futhi ngukuthi ukubhujiswa kongqimba okushiwo uma kugcizelela izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kokuhlushwa kwe-ozone kukhule ebusika ngenkathi ilulama entwasahlobo.
Kunemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokonakala noma ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone. Sizohlaziya ukuthi ziyini kuye ngokuthi zithinta bani.
Imiphumela yempilo yomuntu
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba: Ingesinye sezifo ezaziwa kakhulu ezihlobene nokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet B. Kuyadingeka ukushiswa yilanga ngokuvikelwa njengoba lesi sifo singaveli okwamanje, kodwa eminyakeni edlule.
- Ukubandakanyeka kwesistimu yomzimba: Ukwenza ngokuphila kancane kancane kunciphisa amandla okuzivikela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kombono: kungaholela ku-cataract nase-presbyopia kaningi.
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula: Ezinye izinkinga yisifuba somoya ngenxa yokwanda kwe-ozone ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomkhathi.
Imiphumela yezilwane zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle
Kuthinta kabi zonke izilwane ezisemhlabeni futhi kunemiphumela efanayo kubantu. Ngokuqondene nezilwane zasolwandle, le radiation ifinyelela ngaphezulu ngendlela ethinta ngqo i-phytoplankton olwandle. Le phytoplankton inabantu babo bancishiswe kangangoba kuthinta uchungechunge lokudla.
Imiphumela ezitshalweni
Isimo sale misebe eyingozi kakhulu ye-ultraviolet sithinta ukukhula kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, okwenza izikhathi zazo zokuqhakaza nezokukhula zehluke. Konke lokhu kuthinta ukwehla kwezitshalo nezitshalo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomgodi osendleleni ye-ozone.